Various Dosage Forms Needed in Ayurveda: A Classical Review

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical system, is founded on the triad of Hetu, Linga and Aushadha, with Aushadha playing a central therapeutic role. The science of Aushadha Kalpana refers to the preparation and processing of raw drugs into suitable dosage forms, enhancing their efficacy, palatability, and shelf life. Classical texts such as Charaka Samhita and Sharangadhara Samhita describe a wide range of dosage forms-liquid, semi-solid and solid -each suited for specific diseases, patient types, and therapeutic needs. These are classified based on physical form, route of administration, origin (plant, animal, or mineral), and processing techniques. The inclusion of Rasa Shastra formulations-herbo-mineral and metallic preparations-further expands therapeutic options. The selection of dosage form depends on factors like patient variability, disease type, season, and drug properties, as emphasized in classical references. This article presents a structured overview of Ayurvedic dosage forms, their classifications, examples, and rational application, reaffirming the scientific and holistic approach of Ayurveda in delivering effective treatment through appropriate pharmaceutical design.