Volume 16, Issue 3

Netra Rogas are classified in the specific way by Acharya - Sushruta, Vagbhata, Yogratnakara and others. Among Sandhigat Netra Rogas nine diseases are described and Netrasrava is one them, which occur specifically in Kaninika Sandhi[1]. It is said to be Asadhya Vyadhi though it is Tridoshaj[2]. It can be correlated with chronic dacryocystitis. Dacryocystitis is an infection of lacrimal sac, secondary to obstruction of nasolacrimal duct . Dacryocystitis can be either acute or chronic. It remains as a threat to ocular tissues and needs to treat first before any ophthalmic surgery. According to modern science treatment of dacryocystitis is dacryocystorhinostomy.[4] Acharya Yogaratnakar has advocated use of Triphala for treatment of Netrasrava with Pippali in Puyasrava[3]. This Dhavana has property that relieve Puyaasrava i.e. chronic dacryocystitis.

Introduction: Ayurveda emphasizes the prescription of Pathya and Apathya as an essential responsibility of the Vaidya for achieving Rogaharana and Swasthya rakshana. Pathya acts as a Prakriti-sthapana Upaya, maintaining physiological balance, while Apathya functions as a Nidana responsible for disease initiation and progression. Ayurvedic alimentary protocols may influence gut microbiota, digestion (Agni), and systemic metabolism, thereby contributing to improved skin health. Materials and Methods: This article is based on a literary review of Ayurvedic texts including Brihattrayi, Bhela Samhita, Vangasena, Basavarajiya, Yogaratnakar and relevant Nighantus. Results and Discussion: Ayurveda considers Pathya-Apathya a scientific dietary and lifestyle approach in disease management. Kustha Roga is Tridoshaja Vyadhi predominantly Pitta-Kapha Pradhana; hence, Pathya Ahara-Vihara focus on Pitta-Kapha Shamana using Laghu, Ruksha, Tikta, Kașhaya Rasa, Shita or Ushna Virya. Pathya Ahara Vihara plays an important role in checking pathology at minute level, whereas Apathya Ahara Vihara aggravates Doshas and worsens the condition. Avoidance of Apathya, especially Viruddhahara and Abhishyandi Ahara, possibly reduces systemic inflammatory responses associated with chronic skin disorders. Conclusion: Pathya-Apathya forms an integral therapeutic component in Kustha Roga, where appropriate diet and lifestyle alone can act as effective Chikitsa by pacifying Doshas and preventing Ama formation and recurrence.

A female of 46 years attended the Ayurveda OPD, Department of AYUSH in a tertiary care hospital for right knee pain, previously diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (Grade II) of the right knee. Patient was provisionally diagnosed as Janu Sandhigata Vata (with Aamaja Shopha). Panchakarma (Upanaha with Polyherbal formulation) was introduced alongside Ayurveda oral medications as per the treatment principle of Sandhigata Vata. The patient developed symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis at the site of the Upanaha application. She was treated with Ayurveda medication and local application, and her symptoms were observed for 7 days. Itching, redness etc. started reducing from the second day and complete remission of the symptoms was noticed within 7 days. Ayurveda treatment may be adopted for mild to moderate irritant contact dermatitis, developed as Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) during Upanaha or any other localized Panchakarma treatment modality.

Introduction- Hepatomegaly is an enlargement of the liver caused by metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, or infiltrative conditions. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Yakritdalyodar, described under Udara Roga. The condition is primarily associated with Agnimandya, Ama formation, and vitiation of Pitta-Kapha Dosha, leading to dysfunction of Raktavaha Srotas. This case highlights the Ayurvedic understanding and management of hepatomegaly with clinical correlation and therapeutic outcomes. Case presentation- A 50-year-old male patient presented with nausea, constipation, pain and tenderness in the right hypochondrium, indigestion, coated tongue, gaseous distension, and abdominal discomfort persisting for two years. On examination, the patient had coated tongue, abdominal tenderness, and symptoms suggestive of digestive impairment. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated liver enzymes consistent with hepatomegaly with fatty liver infiltration.The case was diagnosed as hepatomegaly with fatty liver changes, correlated with Yakritdalyodar in Ayurvedic perspective. The patient was managed with Ayurvedic medications aimed at correcting Agnimandya, reducing Ama, and balancing Pitta-Kapha Dosha over a period of six months. After six months of treatment, the patient showed marked symptomatic relief along with significant improvement and normalization of biochemical parameters. Conclusion- This case demonstrates that Ayurvedic management focusing on Agnimandya, Ama pachana, and Dosha shodhana can be effective in improving symptoms and biochemical markers in hepatomegaly (Yakritdalyodar). It highlights the potential role of integrative Ayurvedic therapy in chronic hepatic disorders.

Introduction: Sthaulya (obesity) is described in Ayurveda as a Santarpanottha Vyadhi caused by excessive nourishment and abnormal accumulation of Meda Dhatu. It is associated with aggravation of Kapha Dosha, Agnimandya, and Srotorodha, leading to various metabolic disturbances. Improper dietary habits such as excessive consumption of Guru, Snigdha, Madhura Ahara, along with sedentary lifestyle factors like Avyayama, Diwaswapna, and Atinidra, play a significant role in its development. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of Pathya Ahara and Vihara (wholesome diet and lifestyle) as a fundamental component in the management and prevention of diseases, including Sthaulya. Materials and Methods: The present study is a literary review primarily based on the Ayurvedic text Yogaratnakara, particularly the Medoroga Chikitsa Adhyaya from the Uttarardha section. Relevant information regarding Nidana, Purvarupa, Rupa, Samprapti, Chikitsa, and Pathya Ahara-Vihara was collected and systematically compiled from the text and related literature. Observation: The study identified several etiological factors responsible for Sthaulya, including excessive intake of Madhura, Snigdha, Guru Ahara, Navanna, Dadhi, Ikshu Vikara, and sedentary habits such as lack of exercise and excessive sleep. Pathya Ahara recommended in Yogaratnakara includes Purana Shali, Mudga, Kulattha, Kodrava, Yava, Shyamaka, and Madhu, while Pathya Vihara includes Shrama, Adhwa, Vyavaya, and Ratri Jagarana. Analysis of the Rasapanchaka of these Dravya reveals predominance of Kashaya Rasa, Laghu and Ruksha Guna, and Medohara or Lekhaniya properties, which reduces excessive Meda Dhatu and support weight management. Discussion: Pathya Ahara plays a key role in the management of Sthaulya, as it helps reduce excess Meda through its Laghu and Ruksha properties. Millets, due to their high fiber and low glycemic index, support weight and metabolic control. The Mediterranean diet shows similar benefits by promoting balanced, wholesome eating, improving digestion, reducing inflammation, and supporting gut health. Thus, combining Ayurvedic dietary principles with millet-based foods and Mediterranean concepts provides an effective and practical approach for managing Sthaulya.

Introduction: Paraovarian adnexal cysts are benign cystic lesions arising from mesonephric or paramesonephric remnants located adjacent to the ovary and fallopian tube. These cysts commonly occur in women of reproductive age and may present with lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, pelvic discomfort, infertility, or pressure symptoms. In Ayurveda, such cystic conditions can be correlated with Granthi, Gulma, or Kaphaja Yonivyapad, caused predominantly by vitiation of Kapha and Vata Dosha along with Srotorodha and Meda-Rakta Dushti. Ayurveda describes various Shamana and Shodhana therapies for the management of cystic gynecological disorders. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Ayurvedic management in a case of paraovarian adnexal cyst associated with lower abdominal pain and infertility. Materials and Methods: A 40-year-old married female patient attended the OPD of Government Ayurveda College and Hospital, Jaipur, with complaints of severe lower abdominal pain, pelvic discomfort, and inability to conceive. Ultrasonography revealed chronic cervicitis with a 28 mm left paraovarian adnexal cyst. The patient was treated with Ayurvedic formulations along with Nidana Parivarjana, dietary modifications, and Shamana-Shodhana Chikitsa aimed at reducing Kapha, correcting Agnimandya, removing Srotorodha, and normalizing Apana Vata. Observations and Results: Significant improvement was observed in lower abdominal pain, pelvic discomfort, bowel habits, and sleep. Follow-up ultrasonography showed reduction in cyst size. No adverse effects or recurrence were noted during follow-up. Discussion and Conclusion: The Ayurvedic treatment protocol possessing Kapha-Vatahara, Lekhana, Deepana-Pachana, and Shothahara properties proved effective in reducing cystic pathology and associated symptoms. The treatment was safe, cost-effective, and clinically beneficial in the management of paraovarian adnexal cyst.

Cervical Spondylosis (CS) is a chronic degenerative condition of cervical spine causing neck pain, suboccipital pain, vertigo, shoulder pain, numbness in upper limbs and reduced range of motion of neck. The prevalence of Cervical Spondylosis was 13% in the third decade and 5% in the fourth decade. It is the most common emerging problem in today's era with limited range of allopathic regime. The symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis coincide with Manyastambha in Ayurveda. The present case study aimed to focus on the evaluation of the effect of Valuka Sweda, Nasya with Karpasthyadi Taila for 4 days and Ksheera Bala Taila for next 3 days followed by Nirgundi Patra Pinda Sweda for next 7 days in Cervical Spondylosis and a significant relief was found in the symptoms.

With increasing prevalence of the disease, one suffers with lifestyle disorders. These lifestyle disorders can be a leading cause to many diseases which can further lead to organ failure and a life time of supportive measures to be needed. Vrikka Vikar w.r.t. CKD is observed to have a significant rise in its prevalence. Diabetes plays an important role in its occurrence as is accounts for urological symptoms.

Deha Prakriti is the unique psychosomatic constitution of an individual determined by the predominance of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, and it significantly influences physiological functions, including the Artava Chakra. Analysis of classical Ayurvedic literature suggests a close association between Prakriti types and menstrual characteristics such as cycle regularity, duration, flow, pain, and premenstrual symptoms. Women with Vata dominant Prakriti commonly exhibit irregular, scanty, and painful menstruation due to the dry and mobile qualities of Vata. Pitta dominant individuals often present with early cycles, heavier bleeding, burning sensation, irritability, and acne, reflecting the hot and sharp attributes of Pitta. In contrast, Kapha dominant women generally show regular but comparatively heavier flow with minimal discomfort because of the stable and unctuous qualities of Kapha. These constitutional variations highlight the importance of individualized assessment in menstrual health, Prakriti-specific dietary measures, lifestyle modifications, and herbal interventions may help to maintain Doshic balance and support reproductive well-being. Integration of Ayurvedic principles with modern clinical research can further strengthen personalised gynaecological care.

Animal temperament plays a key role in determining habitat selection, survival, and adaptation. Aristotle, regarded as the founder of zoology, systematically described biodiversity and recognized that animals differ in structure, behaviour, and habitat according to their inherent nature. In Greek-Arab medicine, this inherent nature is termed temperament (Mizaj), an innate characteristic that governs the physical and functional attributes of each species. Habitat provides the environmental conditions necessary for survival and reproduction, and each species occupies habitats suited to its temperament. This review integrates Aristotelian and Unani concepts of temperament with modern ecological principles to explain habitat diversity.

Introduction: Doshas are considered as the fundamental factors responsible for both physiological balance and disease manifestation. Any deviation from their normal state (Dosha Vaishamya) leads to pathological conditions. Objective: To analyse the concept of Dosha Vaishamya, its stages of progression (Kriya Kaala), types of vitiation and the role of causative factors (Nidana) in disease manifestation. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literary review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, modern textbooks and scholarly articles to analyse the stages, causes and manifestations of Dosha Dushti. Result and Discussion: Dosha Vaishamya primarily manifests as Vrudhi (increase) and Kshaya (decrease) along with other pathological states such as Utklesha, Sthambhana, Leena and plenty more. Disease progression occurs through six stages of Kriya Kaala-Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara, Sthana Samshraya, Vyakti and Bheda. Nidana plays a critical role in initiating Dosha vitiation, while factors like Kha Vaigunya and Ashraya-Ashrayi Bhava determine localization. Vata Dosha governs the movement (Gati) of vitiated Doshas, influencing disease spread and site of manifestation. The interaction between Dosha and Dushya leads to disease manifestation, while latent stage (Leena), obstructed (Sthambhana) etc highlight the dynamic nature of Dosha imbalance. Understanding Nidana, Dosha Gati and Samprapti Ghatakas aid in accurate diagnosis and planning of treatment. Conclusion: Dosha Vaishamya is the key point in pathogenesis of any diseases. A thorough understanding of its stages, causative factors and dynamics is essential for effective disease management, prevention and restoration of health.

Background:_Vijaysara (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) is an important drug described in various Ayurvedic Nighantu. It is mainly indicated in Prameha, Medoroga, Kushtha, Raktapitta and Krimi. Material & Methods: Various Nighantu were reviewed to collect information regarding synonyms, Rasapanchaka and Rogaghnata of Vijaysara. Observations & Results: Different synonyms such as Vijaysara, Asana, Beejak, Sarjaka, Mahasara and Peetasara were observed in different Nighantu. Vijaysara (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) is described as having Tikta-Kashaya Rasa, Ushna Veerya, Katu Vipaka and Kapha-Pittahara property. It is indicated in Prameha, Madhumeha, Medoroga, Kushtha, Raktapitta and Twakroga. Conclusion: Literary review of Ayurvedic Nighantu confirms that Vijaysara (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) possesses significant Pramehaghna and Medohara actions and plays an important role in the management of Kapha dominant disorders.

Prameha is well described in Samhitas with symptoms characterized by profuse urination with several abnormal qualities due doshic imbalance. Acharya Sushruta gave a gender importance that “ Streenum Prameha Na Bhavanti, ” because “her body undergoes natural shodhana inform of menstruation. Prameha is corelated with Diabetes Mellitus. The data shows prevalence of type 2 DM is worldwide with 17.7 million, more in men than women. Total & diagnosed diabetes prevalence was higher in men (18.0 % & 12.9% respectively) than in women (13.7 % & 9.7% respectively).

Introduction: Atisara, often correlated with diarrhoea in contemporary medicine, is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by frequent passage of watery stools due to vitiation of doshas and digestive impairment. In Ayurveda, Atisara is classified under the Ashtamahagada and arises primarily from Agnimandya and Amadosha triggered by improper Ahara and Vihara. Hence, regulation of diet and lifestyle through Pathya Apathya forms a fundamental component of its management. Methods: The present study is based on a literary review of Yogaratnakara, Purvardha- Atisara Nidana Adhyaya, from which relevant references and data were systematically collected and analysed. Result: The review revealed that Atisara primarily develops due to Agnimandya and Ama formation resulting from Apathya Ahara and Vihara. Pathya Ahara such as Laghu, Grahi, and Deepana food substances aid in restoring digestive fire, reducing stool frequency, and improving intestinal absorption. Conversely, Guru, Snigdha, Sheeta, Abhishyandi, and Viruddha Ahara were identified as Apathya, aggravating Doshas and worsening the disease condition. Appropriate Vihara practices were found to support recovery by preventing further Dosha vitiation. Discussion: Pathya Apathya acts not only as a supportive measure but also as a primary therapeutic modality in Atisara. By correcting the underlying digestive dysfunction, dietary regulation helps break the disease pathogenesis and reduces dependency on pharmacological interventions. The Ayurvedic dietary approach shows conceptual similarity to modern dietary management of diarrhoea, emphasizing easily digestible and gut-protective foods. Conclusion: Pathya Apathya constitutes a vital and effective Ayurvedic approach in the management of Atisara. Its judicious application helps restore Agni, normalize bowel function, and prevent recurrence.

In Ayurveda, the Shareera Sthana of the Charaka Samhita is a rich repository of knowledge concerning human birth, development, and death. To understand these various aspects of life, it is essential to study anatomy and physiology. In the Shareera Sthana of the Charaka Samhita, there is comparatively a more detailed explanation of physiology than anatomy. In contrast to the applied approach of Acharya Chakrapani (the most popular commentator), Acharya Gangadhar's unique approach, as presented in his commentary Jalpakalpataru, is recognized for its spiritual, philosophical, and fundamental explanation of the text. Here, in the present study various concepts described in Shareera Sthana were collected and their unique clarification in the commentary of Gangadhar was studied and critically analysed (interpreted) as per the modern science literature. His commentary emphasizes the spiritual and philosophical explanation of the origin of Purusha (human beings), as well as a fundamental understanding of key concepts such as Mahabhuta (specially Akasha Mahabhuta), Mana, and Indriya. Additionally, it provides a fundamental and scientific perspective (including aspects comparable to genetics) on Garbhotpattikar Bhava, Strikar Bhav and Purushkar Bhav (sex-determining factors), and reproductive disorders due to chromosomal anomalies (Beeja Dosha Vikara).

Introduction- A Nighantu is a glossary of names used to identify Ayurvedic substances. [1] Kaiyadeva Nighantu, stands out for integrating medicine, diet and lifestyle in a unified framework. It is a classical Ayurvedic lexicon that systematically describes medicinal, dietary and lifestyle-related substances. It presents a concise and practical classification of dravyas, highlighting their nomenclature and therapeutic relevance. The text remains important for accurate drug identification and holistic Ayurvedic practice. Methodology- The review is based on classical Ayurvedic texts, Kaiyadeva Nighantu and relevant scholarly literature. Results- Kaiyadeva Nighantu classifies substances into eight Vargas: Aushadhi, Dhatu-Dhanya, Drava, Mamsa, Krita-Anna, Vihara, Mishraka and Nanarthaka, covering medicines, foods, liquids, lifestyle factors, and polysemous terms. Discussion- The text provides a clear and holistic classification useful for clinical practice, though some descriptions require modern scientific correlation. Conclusion- Kaiyadeva Nighantu remains a concise and relevant reference for Ayurvedic drug identification and integrated health practice.

Introduction: Bilvadi Churna is a classical Ayurvedic formulation described in Chakradatta under Balaroga Chikitsa for the management of Atisara (diarrhoea) in children. The formulation comprises Bilva (Aegle marmelos), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa), Sugandha Bala (Valeriana wallichii), Gajapippali (Scindapsus officinalis) and Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa). The granule dosage form has the benefits of easy administration, better palatability, and longer shelf life. Objective: To study the pharmacological evidences of Bilvadi Churna (Granules) and its components. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, DHARA, and AYUSH Research Portal. Classical Ayurvedic texts were also reviewed. Relevant studies from the last two decades were included. Observations: The components of drug, Bilvadi Churna have shown several pharmacological properties including anti-diarrhoeal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and digestive stimulant activities. Conclusion: Bilvadi Churna (Granules) shows promising therapeutic potential in diarrhoea. However, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish its efficacy and safety in children.