Volume 16, Issue 1

Unsustainable bark harvesting practices can result in severe consequences, ranging from partial damage to the complete mortality of trees. Standardizing species-specific, non-destructive bark harvesting techniques that facilitate bark regrowth and recovery is therefore critical for conserving these valuable non-timber forest resources and safeguarding their long-term viability. A study was carried out to evaluate bark regrowth for deciding sustainable harvesting procedure in Alstonia scholaris and Crataeva nurvala. Bark regrowth (regeneration) after extraction in partial strips was recorded at six month intervals over a 24 month period. Wound healing was evident in both species one year after harvest. However, in A. scholaris, the regenerated bark exhibited marked differences in appearance compared to the unextracted portion. In contrast, C. nurvala demonstrated faster regrowth, with complete bark regeneration achieved within 12months, although the regenerated bark was approximately half the thickness of the original. A similar pattern was observed in A. scholaris, where regeneration occurred after 18months. By the end of the observation period, the regenerated bark showed no discernible differences in thickness or quality compared to the original bark—after two years in A. scholaris and 18months in C. nurvala. We recommend strip harvesting of bark (15cm ×15cm) from opposite sides of the trunk in alternating years as a sustainable practice for A. scholaris and C. nurvala.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular junctions. It is characterized by fluctuating weakness as well as fatigability of voluntary muscles. The disease results from immune-mediated impairment of neuromuscular transmission, most commonly due to antibodies directed against components of the postsynaptic membrane. This review article presents an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of Myasthenia Gravis, with a balanced integration of contemporary understanding and Ayurvedic concepts. An effort has been made to summarize Ayurvedic concepts and management in case of Myasthenia Gravis with a thought that an integrative understanding that combines modern medical science with traditional Ayurvedic principles may offer a holistic perspective for patient care.

Vicharchika, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder categorized under Kustha Roga in Ayurveda, closely resembles eczema in modern dermatology and presents with symptoms such as itching, oozing, discoloration, and skin thickening. The condition arises from the vitiation of Kapha, Pitta, and Rakta Dhatu, necessitating therapies that target blood purification and dosha balance. Manjistha Kwath, a classical decoction derived from Rubia cordifolia Linn., is traditionally acclaimed for its potent Raktashodhaka (blood-purifying) and Kushtaghna (anti-skin disease) properties. This review critically examines both classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary pharmacological studies to elucidate the therapeutic potential of Manjistha Kwath in managing Vicharchika. The formulation’s bitter-astringent taste, hot potency, and pungent post-digestive effect support the pacification of Pitta and Kapha doshas. Modern research highlights its significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Clinical evidence demonstrates marked improvement in symptoms such as itching, oozing, and pigmentation following 4–6 weeks of treatment, with a favorable safety profile. These findings substantiate the role of Manjistha Kwath as a safe, effective, and holistic intervention for chronic eczematous skin disorders, bridging traditional wisdom with scientific validation.

Introduction- Ayurveda consistently underscores the duty of the Vaidya to prescribe suitable Pathya and Apathya as an essential part of disease management, which is crucial for achieving Rogaharana (elimination of disease) and Swasthyarakshana (preservation of health). Pathya acts as a Prakrutisthapana Upaya, helping to restore and maintain normal physiological balance, whereas Apathya functions as a Nidana, contributing to the initiation and progression of pathological conditions (Vikara). Pathya-Apathya (wholesome and unwholesome diet and lifestyle). Material and method- The present study is based on a literary review of Yogaratnakara, Uttarardha- Shoola Chikitsa Adhyaya, from which relevant references and data were systematically collected and analyzed. Result and discussion- Ayurveda emphasizes Pathya-Apathya as a scientific dietary and lifestyle approach in disease management. Shoola Roga is predominantly a Vata-pradhana disorder, hence Pathya measures are mainly aimed at Vata-Shamana through Snigdha, Ushna, Guru and Vatahara Dravyas that restore normal Vata Gati and relieve pain. Substances like Eranda Taila, Lavana and Lahsuna, along with Deepana-Pachana and Vatanulomana drugs, play a key role in reducing Shoola. Conversely, Apathya Ahara-Vihara that aggravate Vata or Tridosha contribute to the progression of symptoms. Conclusion- Thus, Pathya-Apathya forms an integral therapeutic approach in Shoola Roga, where appropriate diet and lifestyle alone can act as effective Chikitsa by pacifying Vata Dosha. Vata-Shamana through suitable Ahara-Vihara not only alleviates pain but also prevents Dosha Prakopa, Ama formation, and recurrence of the disease.

The word Shodhana is a fundamental concept in Ayurvedic medicine, refers to the process of detoxification and purification of the body and mind. This ancient practice involves various techniques, including Panchakarma to eliminate toxins and restore balance to the body’s doshas. Shodhana plays a crucial role in maintaining physical and mental well being by removing accumulated toxins, enhancing digestive fire and promoting health. However, its application requires careful considerations of indications and contraindications to ensure safe and effective treatment. Proper patient selection, timing and technique are essential to maximize benefits and minimize adverse effects. This review highlights the importance of Shodhana in preventing diseases improving mental clarity and rejuvenating the body, while emphasizing the need for judicious application based on individual needs and mental health status.

Samskara is an important concept led by ancient Ayurveda scholars. Bhavana is one among the Samskara by which transformation of the inherent attributes (Gunataradhanam) of a substance occur and leads to the addition of new properties (Gunotkarsha) or change in the properties (Gunavruddhi, Gunahani). Soaking and levigation are the main principle of the Bhavana. Different Bhavana Dravya can be select on the basis of various pharmaceutical and therapeutical requirements of herbal, toxic, metallic, Herbo-metallic formulations. Amount of liquid should be added till powder become Kardmabha, Samplavana, Ardra and Ekibhoota. Total 118 herbal formulations and 97 Rasayoga are mentioned with various number and duration of Bhavana. Bhavana should be given till Subhavita Lakshana observed. Dissertation work and research article are mentioned that proves classical concept of Bhavana with modern analytical tools and clinical study. Number and duration of Bhavana have the kin role for the changes in physical and chemical form, inherent properties and potency of Dravya.

Skin is a largest organ of our body, Skin is the general covering of entire external surface of body including external auditory meatus & outer surface of tympanic membrane, it also continuous as mucous membrane at the orifices of the body. Skin is thickest on the palms and soles of the fees (1.5 mm thick), while the thinnest skin found on the eyelids and in the post auricular region (0.05 mm thick). Pigmentation of skin is determined by five pigments i.e. melanin, melanoid, carotene, haemoglobin & oxy harmoglobin present in different layers of skin. In Ayurveda the word "Twacha " or Charma" is used for skin Twacha is derived from "Twak Samvarne" dhatu meaning the covering of the body. Aachaarya Charaka says that all the organs are the modification of Panchamahabahut, so the Rachana and Kriya of these organs have been organised according to their Panchabhautika constitution. Twacha has been counted in Prithvi and Vayu dominant organs.so in this article Ayurvedic approch to Twacha sharir taken for study.

Assessing Meda Dhatu Dushti (fat tissue imbalance) in Ayurveda involves examining subjective symptoms like excessive sweating, sweet taste, laziness, and body odor, alongside objective signs such as obesity, abdominal fat, tumors, and skin issues, correlating classical signs with modern metrics like BMI, lipids (triglycerides), and leptin levels, recognizing it as the root of disorders like obesity, diabetes, and PCOD, linking it to Medovaha Srotas Dushti (channel obstruction) and Agni Mandya (weak digestion).Serum insulin refers to the amount of the hormone insulin in your bloodstream, measured via a blood test, crucial for regulating blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose for energy; it's used to diagnose diabetes, insulin resistance (often with prediabetes/metabolic syndrome), hypoglycemia, and pancreatic tumors (insulinomas), usually requiring a fast before the blood draw for accurate fasting levels. Levels help assess pancreas function and how effectively your body uses insulin, working alongside glucose tests for a complete picture of metabolic health. Also levels of serum Insulin is closely related to obesity which we can compare it to meda dhatu dushti and meda dhatvagnimandya. The assessment of Meda Dhatu Dushti (vitiation of fat tissue) and serum insulin levels involves an integrated approach bridging Ayurvedic diagnostics with modern metabolic markers, particularly in cases of obesity (Sthaulya), Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes (Madhumeha).This Research paper indicates a strong correlation between Medovaha Srotas Dushti (dysfunction of fat channels) and insulin resistance.

Hypertension has emerged as one of the most prevalent lifestyle-related disorders, affecting nearly one-fifth of the adult population, and according to the World Health Organization, elevated blood pressure is observed in approximately 23.1% of men and 22.6% of women above 25 years of age in India. Rapid urbanization, sedentary habits, and unhealthy dietary practices significantly contribute to its increasing prevalence, while excessive salt intake, alcohol consumption, and smoking further accelerate disease progression. From an Ayurvedic perspective, the causative factors of hypertension are classified into Aharaja Nidana, Viharaja Nidana, and Manasika Nidana, which lead to the derangement of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha Doshas. Ayurvedic management is guided by the concept of Samprapti and focuses on addressing all etiological components simultaneously through regulation of Ahara, Vihara, and appropriate Aushadha. Adherence to Pathya-Apathya principles, along with dietary and lifestyle modifications, plays a crucial role in disease control, while therapeutic approaches include Shamana Chikitsa for dosha pacification and Shodhana Chikitsa for the elimination of accumulated toxins. Classical Ayurvedic literature highlights the use of formulations such as Sarpagandha Churna and Ashwagandha Churna in the management of hypertension, along with bio-purification procedures like Basti, Virechana Karma, and Shirodhara to restore physiological balance and promote systemic detoxification.

The increasing global acceptance of Ayurvedic medicines necessitates reliable quality control and standardization methods to ensure their safety, efficacy, and authenticity. Due to the complex phytochemical composition of herbal formulations, systematic analytical evaluation is essential for establishing their identity and consistency. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is a sensitive and reproducible analytical technique that facilitates efficient separation and visualization of bioactive constituents in plant-based preparations. Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd.) is a well-recognized medicinal plant widely used in Ayurveda for its diverse therapeutic potential. The present study aims to establish an HPTLC fingerprint profile of the methanolic extract of Shatavari choorna (powder), prepared from the dried tuberous roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd. A precoated silica gel 60 F 254 plate (5 × 10 cm) served as the stationary phase, while Toluene:chloroform:methanol (6:3:1) was used as the mobile phase and visualized at 425 nm under UV light. The HPTLC analysis revealed twelve distinct peaks with a total peak area of 54757.8 AU at 425 nm, indicating the presence of multiple phytochemical constituents. The established HPTLC fingerprint profile serves as a reliable reference for the identification, quality evaluation, and standardization of Shatavari choorna and provides scientific support for its future research and quality control applications.

Introduction: Oral health and cognitive health are intricately connected. The health of our teeth, gums, and oral cavity have a direct influence on the health of our brain. The brain and oral connection are quite profound emerging evidence suggests a significant link between the oral microbiome and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression Methods and Materials: A literature review was collected using databases, to examining the connection between oral microbiota and depression. So, when we have poor oral care which eventually results in mental function disabilities like anxiety and depression. Studies states that the composition of the salivary microbiome like Spirochaetaceae, Actinomyces were found to be associated with severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. This indicates that oral microbes can travel up into the brain. Review in classics explains about the Gandusha and Kavala procedure which concentrate more on the oral health can be linked to evaluate the efficacy in modulating oral flora and improving mental health. Results: Gandusha and Kavala is other form of drug administration into the oral cavity in which the active ingredients and chemical constituents of the drug are absorbed through the buccal mucosa and reach the blood stream. Discussion: Studies that have looked at the brain of Alzheimer’s patients during autopsies have actually found oral pathogens present in brain tissue. Gandusha and Kavala may serve as adjunctive tools in the prevention and management of depression by targeting upstream factors such as oral dysbiosis. Oral therapies not only support oral hygiene but may also reduce neuroinflammatory signals implicated in mood disorders via the oral-gut-brain axis. Conclusion: The Oral Gut Brain Axis linked with Gandusha and Kavala procedure using offer promising, low-cost preventive strategies that support microbial balance and mental wellness.

Ahara is first among the three significant pillars of Ayurveda. It means that it is one of the fundamental principles ahead which gives health, happiness and harmony along with the nature. One should regularly take such substances which are conductive to the preservation of good health and are able of avoid the attacks of sickness. Such type of diet is called naturally healthy diet. Ayurveda is science of life. Main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain health of a person. Ahara plays important role to achieve this target. In the modern times, the ways in which the food is prepared and presented have changed drastically. Because of the rapid swiftness of lifestyle towards urbanization, one can have less access to fresh food. Today, the dependency on packaged and processed food has also increased exceptionally. It definitely has some destructive effect on both mental and physical well-being. Today Due to consumption of unwholesome diet society facing so many types of disease. Here the concept of Ahara according to Ayurveda is described.

Palliative care represents a vital dimension of healthcare, focusing on the relief of suffering and improvement of quality of life in individuals affected by chronic, progressive, and life-threatening illnesses¹. It adopts a comprehensive approach by addressing physical symptoms alongside psychological, social, and spiritual challenges encountered by patients and their families¹,². Traditional systems of medicine emphasize individualized, compassionate, and holistic care, which makes them particularly applicable in palliative contexts. Ayurveda, the indigenous medical system of India, offers a structured and holistic approach that corresponds closely with the fundamental objectives of palliative care³,⁴. This review examines the contribution of Ayurveda as a traditional medical system in palliative care delivery. Classical Ayurvedic descriptions of incurable (Asadhya) and manageable (Yapya) disease conditions are analyzed to illustrate the transition in therapeutic focus from disease eradication to symptom alleviation, patient comfort, and maintenance of dignity³. Core Ayurvedic principles such as Shamana chikitsa (palliative and symptom-modifying treatment), Satvavajaya chikitsa (psychological and emotional regulation), Rasayana therapy, dietary moderation, and ethical medical conduct (Vaidya sadvritta) are discussed in relation to symptom control and enhancement of overall well-being³,⁵. The review further highlights the potential advantages of integrating Ayurvedic practices with contemporary palliative care, including cultural acceptability, non-invasive therapeutic options, emotional stability, and spiritual support⁴,⁶. At the same time, limitations such as insufficient clinical evidence, lack of standardization, safety concerns, and possible herb–drug interactions are acknowledged⁷. It is concluded that Ayurveda may serve as a complementary and supportive modality in palliative care when practiced responsibly and guided by evidence, with primary emphasis on comfort, dignity, and holistic patient care.

Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), a highly valued Ayurvedic drug known as the “King of Medicines,” is widely used for its rasayana, digestive and tridosha pacifying properties1, with the fruit rind being the therapeutically active part commonly used as churna. The present study was undertaken to establish the pharmacognostical identity and quality of Haritaki and its powdered form through macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. Authenticated dried fruits were processed to prepare Haritaki churna from the fruit rind, and both the whole drug and powder were subjected to detailed examination. Macroscopically, the dried fruits were ovoid to ellipsoid drupes with five longitudinal ribs, dark brown to black in colour, a fibrous pericarp, granular fracture, and a strongly astringent, bitter-sour taste, while the churna was yellowishbrown, fine in texture, and possessed a characteristic odour and taste. Microscopic analysis of the fruit revealed a thick-walled cubical epidermis and a broad mesocarp containing compact parenchyma, abundant lignified stone cells, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, and simple starch grains. Powder microscopy showed characteristic elements including tracheids, pitted vessels, epidermal cells, unicellular hairs, lignified stone cells, fibres, calcium oxalate crystals, and abundant simple and compound starch grains. These diagnostic features were consistent with the descriptions given in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia and confirm the identity, purity, and standard quality of Terminalia chebula Retz., thereby supporting its reliability for therapeutic use.

Avabahuka is a classical Vatavyadhi described in Ayurvedic literature, characterized by Shoola (pain), Stambha (stiffness), and Bahu-praspandita hara (restriction of shoulder movements). Clinically, it closely correlates with Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis), a common musculoskeletal disorder that significantly impairs daily activities and quality of life. Conventional management includes analgesics, physiotherapy, intra-articular injections, and surgical interventions; however, these approaches often provide delayed relief and may be associated with adverse effects or recurrence. Ayurveda emphasizes para-surgical procedures such as Viddhakarma for the management of Snayu-Sandhi-Asthigata Vata disorders. Viddhakarma is a minimally invasive technique involving therapeutic pricking at specific anatomical sites to alleviate pain and restore functional movement by correcting localized Vata Dushti and improving circulation. The present case report documents the role of Viddhakarma in a 52-year-old male patient diagnosed with Avabahuka, presenting with chronic shoulder pain and restricted movements for four months. Viddhakarma was administered three times weekly for three sittings without any internal medication. Outcome assessment was done using pain intensity, range of motion, and functional ability of the shoulder joint. Marked improvement was observed in pain reduction, restoration of shoulder mobility, and daily activities, with no adverse effects. This case highlights Viddhakarma as an effective, safe, and economical therapeutic modality in the management of Avabahuka.

Ayurveda perspective on Malas (excretory products)—Purīṣa (stool), Mūtra (urine), and Sveda (sweat)—posits them as a vital components for maintaining systemic equilibrium. Any derangement in their formation, retention, or elimination gives rise to Mala-pradoṣaja vikāra (disorders due to impaired waste metabolism). Classical texts emphasize that balanced processing and timely elimination of Malas are indispensable for health maintenance. Contemporary medical science validates any alterations in stool, urine, and sweat as critical biomarkers reflecting gastrointestinal, renal, and metabolic function. This review critically analyzes Ayurvedic descriptions of Mala-pradoṣaja vikāra in light of current medical knowledge, highlighting their diagnostic relevance. Understanding this concept is particularly important in today’s world, where lifestyle diseases, stress, and dietary imbalances frequently manifest through altered excretory patterns, making Mala evaluation a valuable tool for preventive and integrative healthcare.

The herb Durva (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) has a long history of medicinal use and serves as a component in many key herbal formulations. In Ayurveda, the pharmaceutical process known as Bhavana is used to enhance a drug’s effectiveness and impart additional therapeutic qualities. In this study, powdered whole plant of Durva was treated by soaking it overnight in its own fresh juice (swarasa) as part of the Bhavana process. Preliminary phytochemical evaluations were conducted on both Abhavitha Choorna (dried powder) and Bhavitha Choorna (processed powder) of Durva (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.). The results showed that the Bhavitha Choorna had higher levels of crude fiber, total sugars, and water-soluble extractives compared to the Abhavitha Choorna, indicating that the Bhavana treatment may enhance the drug’s potency. The present study aims to compare the phytochemical analysis results of both Abhavitha Choorna (dried powder) and Bhavitha Choorna (processed powder) of the drug.

Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. (Bhoomyamalaki) is a well-known Ayurvedic plant widely used for liver diseases, metabolic problems, and infections. Although the whole plant is medicinally important, scientific descriptions of its individual parts are limited. This study was carried out to record basic pharmacognostic features of the root, stem, leaf, and fruit to help identify the raw drug correctly and ensure purity. Fresh plant material was collected and examined for external and internal characters. Colour, surface features, taste, and smell were first noted. Transverse sections were taken to observe important structures such as epidermis, vascular tissue, crystals, stomata, and other characteristic cells. The root was found to be straight, cylindrical, brownish, and attached with many fine branches. The stem was thin, erect, smooth, and branched. Leaves were simple, arranged alternately in two neat rows on branchlets, and had oblong or elliptic shapes with rounded tips. Fruits were small, smooth, round capsules that appeared green and trilocular. The microscopic examination of root showed starch grains and crystals mainly in the cortex and phloem. The stem contained rosette-shaped calcium oxalate crystals, especially in the pith region. Numerous anisocytic stomata were seen on the lower surface of the leaf. The fruit section showed a circular capsule with three ridges and wedge-shaped seeds inside each locule. Powder microscopy also revealed identifiable fragments useful for detecting adulteration. The observations from this study offer reliable features that can be used for authentication, quality control, and standardization of Bhoomyamalaki in Ayurvedic practice and research.

Kampavata is a Vata Pradhana Roga where there will be a Kampa (tremor) as a main lakshana and may associated with Sthambha, Vinamana, Gurugatrata etc. The lakshanas of Kampavata are similar to the clinical features of Parkinson’s disease which is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, balance and coordination. It can significantly impact a person’s quality of life causing various motor and non-motor symptoms. The aim of this case study is to provide the quality life to the patient suffering from Kampavata through effective Panchakarma treatment. Vangasena Samhita introduced the concept of treating Kampavata for the first time like Abhyanga, Sweda, Nasya, Niruha, Anuvasana, Virechana and Shirobasti are said to be beneficial remedies1.

This paper examines preventive health concepts as articulated in ancient Indian literary traditions, particularly the Purāṇas, classical Saṁhitās, and Manusmṛti. These texts collectively present health not merely as freedom from disease but as a balanced state sustained through ethical conduct, disciplined lifestyle, and harmony with natural and cosmic order. While Purāṇic narratives embed health within ritual and cosmological frameworks, the Saṁhitās reflect a systematic understanding of bodily balance and preventive care. Manusmṛti contributes a social and moral dimension by prescribing daily routines, dietary discipline, and codes of conduct aimed at preserving individual and collective well-being. Through a comparative literary approach, this study highlights how preventive healthcare was deeply embedded in ancient Indian thought, anticipating modern discussions on lifestyle-based health and holistic wellness.

Introduction: Garcinia mangostana or mangosteen was traditionally used to treat various ailments especially gastrointestinal issues. This suggests the plant material contain high number of phytochemicals and potential natural antioxidant source. Garcinia mangostana, commonly known as mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree belonging to the family Clusiaceae, Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (dicotyledon), Autotrophic in nature with a hight of 25 meter. The fruit is best eaten fresh, because processing tends to ruin the flavour. It is sometimes eaten with sherbet or ice cream. Some Chinese like to eat the fruits, because they believe mangosteen has a cooling effect. Xanthones, including α-mangostin and γ-mangostin, have been extensively studied for their biological activity which includes anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Objectives: The research aimed to investigate the phytochemicals existing in the pericarp of G. mangostana and to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Methodology: Phytochemical screening was done including qualitative test for alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin and tannin. Characterization of the functional groups existing in plant extract was found using FT-IR spectral analysis. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay was used to evaluate its antioxidant capacity. This low-cost, basic, dependable approach produces consistent outcomes even without specific gear. Significantly, the FRAP test measures the overall reduction capability of antioxidants, so providing a more complete view of antioxidant capacity than methods as DPPH and ABTS that concentrate on particular radical scavenging. Its biologically relevance also arises from its capacity to replicate deteriorating conditions in biological systems, thereby enabling a more accurate portrayal of the antioxidant activity of in-vivo. These properties characterize FRAP as the recommended technique for thorough and consistent assessment of antioxidants. Result and Conclusion: Majority of the constituents are alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin were confirmed. FTIR analysis revealed presence of hydroxyl, aromatic, aliphatic, and carbonyl-related functional groups. The antioxidant capacity was measured as 1.09 g AAE per gram of the extract. G. mangostana pericarp was confirmed to be a rich source of phytochemicals and antioxidants.

Triphala, a classical Ayurvedic formulation composed of Amalaki, Haritaki, and Bibhitaki, is traditionally recognized for its Shothahara (anti-inflammatory) and Vranaropana (wound-healing) properties. The present study scientifically evaluates these activities using carrageenan-induced paw edema and excision wound models in Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract of Triphala demonstrated significant suppression of acute inflammation and significantly enhanced wound contraction and epithelialisation. These effects may be attributed to the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds that support tissue repair, collagen formation, and antimicrobial action. The findings substantiate the classical Ayurvedic claims regarding the therapeutic potential of Triphala.

Sthoulya is a Santarpanajanya Vyadhi. It a global problem due to change in life style, unhealthy eating habits and lack of interest in exercise. Medovaha Srotas is mainly affected in Sthoulya. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide irrespective of age groups. Abnormal increase of Meda and lack of inspiration to work are the cardinal features of obesity. Acharyas prescribed that sthoulya is a Bahudoshaja Vyadhi, which further proves that it is the root cause of many killer diseases like diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. It is one of the Yapyaroga. Sthoulya is described in most of the ayurvedic classical texts as Shleshmanimittajavyadhi. Kapha is the main dosha in pathogenesis of the disease. Kapha is seated in Medodhatu along with other Dhatus. Vamana is the line of treatment in Kapha and Medoroga. Hence, in the present case Vamana is chosen as the line of treatment for Sthoulya.

Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Nagara) is a widely used medicinal rhizome in Ayurvedic formulations, valued for its digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. The present investigation undertakes a comprehensive comparative phytochemical and physicochemical evaluation of Churna (powder) and Sodhita Churna (purified powder) prepared from the dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. Physicochemical parameters including ash values, moisture content, pH, fibre content, volatile oil content, tannins, phenols, total sugars and reducing sugars were systematically determined for both samples. Extractive values (cold water and alcohol soluble) and successive solvent extractives (petroleum ether, cyclohexane, acetone, alcohol) were quantitatively assessed. Preliminary phytochemical screening of cold-water extracts and solvent fractions was performed to characterize major secondary metabolites and identify differences induced by purification. Sodhana (purification) produced notable quantitative modifications in Nagara (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Sodhita Churna exhibited reduced total ash, water-insoluble ash, crude fibre, tannins, phenols, and sugar content, suggesting removal of non-essential or extraneous components during purification. Volatile oil was present only in Churna, indicating partial loss of thermo-labile constituents. Ash analysis demonstrated similar mineral radical profiles in both samples. Phytochemical tests confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, and tannins in both samples, with selective reduction of phenolic constituents in Sodhita Churna. The findings demonstrate that the Sodhana process significantly modulates the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of Nagara (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), enhancing purity while altering certain bioactive fractions.