Volume 14, Issue 5

In Samhita Granthas many Keetas are explained, some of them are never heard before. Today not only their existence but also their availability is difficult. Due to honey bee sting patient initially complaints of pain, swelling, redness of skin around sting. Severe side effects as nausea, fainting & in extreme cases patient may get die due to anaphylactic shock. According to Ashtang Hruday Uttarsthan for all type of kita visha Arkadi Agad is beneficial. Honey Bee is included in kita visha .considering the importance of local application (lepa) in all types of poisoning. Arkadi Agad Lepa selected to study its effectiveness in honey bee sting in Albino Mice.

Avabahuka is one of the Dhatu Kshayajanya Vata Vyadhi. It is the Vyadhi which hampers the functions of the hand. In Ashtanga Hridaya, Acharya Vagbhatta mentioned that Amsamulasthita Vayu causes Sankochana of Sira which results in to the restrictions of movements of hands. Avabahuka is correlated with the Frozen Shoulder in contemporary science. It is a condition which is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Avabahuka includes Amsa Sandhi Shoola, Shotha, Stabdhata, Sakashta Hastakriya etc. This condition occurs more commonly in Diabetic patients. Therefore, now a day’s its management becomes more important. In Ashtanga Hridaya for Avabahuka Nasya treatment was mentioned as Sthanika Snehana, Swedana along with Shamana chikitsa.

Introduction/Background of study: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women, accounting for more deaths than any other female gynaecological cancer, which includes cervical, uterine, vaginal and vulvar cancers. Current treatment options include surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, radiation therapy and the use of targeted therapy such as poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP inhibitors), as well as immunotherapy. These therapy options, however, are subject to high rates of resistance and many side effects. AIM/ OBJECTIVES: This research aims to study other viable drug targets for ovarian cancer treatment, as well as new phytocompounds that can serve as new drug options using the in-silico approach. Materials/Methods: The ethanolic leaf extract of Justicia secunda was obtained using conventional methods. Liquid Liquid-liquid fractionation was performed with N-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol solvents to obtain their fractions alongside the aqueous fraction. Vacuum Liquid Chromatography was performed with the N-hexane fraction and gradient mixtures of N-hexane/ethyl acetate and Dichloromethane/Methanol in various ratios to obtain the subfractions. The compounds were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Full pharmacognostic profiling was performed on the J.secunda leaves. The identified compounds were downloaded from Pubchem and subjected to Molecular docking simulations to obtain their binding affinities with the receptors of interest. Drug-likeness and toxicity assessments were performed on frontrunner compounds. Results: After assessment of the frontrunner compounds, four multitargeting J.secunda phytochemicals were identified: Luteolin, Diosmetin, 5H-Quindoline and 10H-Quindoline. Conclusion: This study shows that some phytocompounds in J.secunda have better binding affinities and possibly better interaction against RTKs overexpressed in ovarian cancer, when compared to the reference drugs currently in use. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are recommended to ascertain if these compounds have any inhibitory activity against these receptor tyrosine kinases.

Garbh Sanskar is ancient practice of nurturing mental, physical and emotional environment of mother during her pregnancy stage to promote overall well-being of both mother as well as her unborn child. This ancient practice combines holistic habits that include balanced nutrition, Yoga, recitation of Mantra, prayer and meditation, etc. This process inculcates positive values in the subconscious mind of Garbh (fetus) and also nourish mother in all means to manifest optimal strength in all dimensions. The practices of Garbh Sanskar maintain well being of mother and child, these effects subsequently reflects in the later stages of pregnancy and after the child birth. The current scenario witnessed hampered pattern of life style which significantly deteriorate health of women carrying fetus, this may cause problem in normal child birth or disrupt health of new born. Therefore practices of Garbh Sanskar become crucial in modern’s day life style to prevent mother and child from the harmful effects of stressful pattern of current scenario. This article highlights ancient practice of Garbh Sanskar and its importance in modern scenario. Key-Words: Ayurveda, Garbh Sanskar, Pregnancy, Fetus, Mother, Child REERENCES: Choubey, D., Mishra, A. K., Mishra, S., & Sharma, V. (2020). Effect of Garbh Sanskar on Stress and Anxiety During Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research, 11(3), 1-8. Choudhary, S., Kurdi, M. S., & Mundada, D. (2019). Effect of Garbh Sanskar on Infant Development: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 10(3), 182-188. Joshi, M., Joshi, A., & Parakh, M. (2013). Effect of garbh sanskar on fetus. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 12(4), 662-666. Singh A, Atreja SK, Dwivedi S. Effect of Mantra Meditation Technique on Cognitive Functions in Fetus. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(12): CC04-CC07. Bansal, Mr Sajeev Kumar, and Dr Deepak Jaiswal. The era of strange learning strategies– garbh sanskar. (2012): 107. Vikram Shah, Gitanjali Shah, Suprajesathi Garbhasanskar;1 st edition 2004,page-26,69,106. Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya & Narayana Ram Acharya, Agnivesha, Charaka & Dridhabala, Charaka Samhita, Sharirasthana, 3/3 Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashana, Varanasi; c2011. p. 308. Shrimad Bhagvad Geeta. Gorakhpur: Geeta press; 33rd ed. Adhyaya 6/41; c2011. p. 116. Trapti Agarwal, et al. Garbha sanskar – A boon to get supraja. The pharma innovation journal. 2018;7(6):454- 456. Anjali Chaudhary Chaudhary, Umesh Varma, Aditya Varma, Deepali Chaudhary, Devishri Bhatnagar, Niti Agrawal, Jahnvi Shanker, Effect of Garbh Sanskar (Yoga) on Maternal and Perinatal Outcome. Int J Med Res Rev. 2022; 10(1): 17-23. Verma, P., & Shukla, A. (2023). Garbh Sanskar: Preparation of Motherhood. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 11(3), 852-862. Jain, S., Kalra, S., & Khemka, S. (2019). Effect of Garbh Sanskar on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome. Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine, 7(3), 40-46. Charaka Samhita, Sharira Sthana, Chapter 8. (200 BCE–200 CE). Transl. R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office. Kashyapa Samhita, Garbhini Vijnaniya Adhyaya. (6th century CE). Transl. P.V. Tewari. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Vishvabharati. Ashtanga Hridayam, Sharira Sthana, Chapter 1. (7th century CE). Transl. K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy.

Introduction :Liver disorders include varied spectrum of disorders which includes all the conditions from acute to chronic . The liver disorders include viral hepatitis, cirrhosis , chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, liver cancer etc. Cirrhosis, called "Yakrit vriddhi" in Ayurveda often associated with imbalance in pitta Dosha mainly effects metabolism and digestion. Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by widespread fibrosis and nodular regeneration that disrupts the liver's structure and function, often resulting from chronic liver injury. Methods :Compilation of information is done by using Relevant textbooks on the clinical pathophysiology of liver disorders and databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus. Result : Cirrhosis is a significant global health issue, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. The incidence and prevalence vary widely across regions due to differences in underlying causes such as viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption patterns, and healthcare access. The pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis in Ayurveda includes Pitta-induced inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, obstructing bile flow and impairing detoxification. This causes tissue damage (dhatu kshaya) and liver dysfunction. Discussion :Cirrhosis of liver is a chronic disease in which there is diffuse destruction and fibrotic regeneration. Multiple cells play a role in liver cirrhosis, including hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), and Kupffer cells (KCs). Symptoms of cirrhosis vary depending on the stage of diagnosis, effectiveness of treatment, and patient compliance. . Diagnostic approaches include imaging studies, liver function tests, and liver biopsy. Management involves treating underlying causes, managing complications, and considering liver transplantation in advanced cases.Ayurvedic management of cirrhosis focus on pacifying aggravated Pitta Dosha through many herbs and rasoushadhi which aids for detoxification and have Rasayana effect on liver.

Pharmacological properties of ginger include anticancer, antiulcer, spermicidal, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-vomiting effects when used in chemotherapy. In this work, female Wistar albino rats were used as test subjects to examine the antifertility effects of an ethanolic and aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Anti-fertility activity of both the extracts were carried out in female Wistar rats at the both doses (200mg/kg & 400mg/kg) by evaluating number of implants on day 10, number of pups born and level of hormones (LH, FSH).To know the exact mechanism of action uterotropic assay was carried out in which, the estrogenic effects of EEZO were further observed by administering it to the female immature Wistar albino rats and parameters evaluated were vaginal cornification, uterine weight, body weight, histopathology of uterus and biochemical parameter(Estrogen). Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and resins are among the phyto-constituents found in the two extracts, according to phytochemical research. The number of implants (P<0.001) and pups born (P<0.0001) significantly decreases as a result of the anti-fertility activity. The greatest 50% reduction in pregnancies was seen in rats treated with EEZO.The most powerful extract, EEZO, was investigated for its oestrogenic effects; results included increased body and uterine weight, vaginal cornification, and uterine proliferation. Hormonal and biochemical tests confirmed the previous findings demonstrating the oestrogenic potential of EEZO, which may be connected to the phytoestrogen (quercetin) content of the plant.It was observed that Zingiber officinale extracts had a strong oestrogenic and abortifacient effect. This could be because the extract contains zingiberene, a sesquiterpene called phytoestrogen (quercetin).

Pandu Roga is a disease described in Ayurveda since immemorial, the first reference found in Vedas. Most of the Acharyas have described five types of Pandu Roga, i.e. Vatika, Paittika, Kaphaja, Tridoshaja, and Mridabhakshhana janya Pandu. Acharya Charaka, Vagbhatta, and Madhava have given a kind of Mridakabhakshanjanya of Pandu. Mridabhakshhana janya Pandu has a worldwide distribution, but the highest prevalence occurs in tropical & sub-tropical regions and areas with inadequate sanitation, Poverty, ignorance, lack of hygiene maintenance, bad sanitation and use of uncooked food or improper washing of food materials, eating soil, etc. are the important factors for spreading Mridabhakshhana janya Pandu in developing countries like India. When consumed, mud does not get digested in amashaya and blocks the rasavaha strotas. Due to this, gradually rasa dhatu kshaya takes place and in turn, the subsequent dhatu are not properly nourished, thereby producing Pandu roga.

Traditional Balinese Medicines (TBM) have been written in Balinese palm leaves manuscripts using Balinese transcripts since a long time ago, known as Lontar Usada Taru Premana (UTP). Lontar UTP which well deserves the label of Balinese Ethnopharmacopoeia since it lists traditional medicinal plants together with a description of their characteristics, properties, formulation, methods of uses, prescriptions, and applications. This research aims to describe diversity of medicinal plants, their properties, formulation, methods of uses, and application in treatment of illnesses and diseases according to Lontar UTP. This research is descriptive qualitative research using library research method. The research subject was the Lontar Usada Taru Premana (UTP) manuscript which had been translated from Balinese script to Latin script. Three versions of the Lontar UTP manuscripts were used, namely: Lontar UTP from Puri Saren Kauh, Payangan, Gianyar, number IIId.12/1854, belonging to Gedong Kirtya Singaraja Bali, Lontar UTP from Banjar Satria, Negara, belonging to the Bali Cultural Documentation Office, Bali Province, and Lontar UTP from Kerambitan, Tabanan, number IIID.5823, belonging to Gedong Kirtya Singaraja Bali. The objects of research were the contents of the lontar, namely the types of plants, plant parts and their characteristics, formulation, methods of uses and their application. A total of 214 plant species are used in TBM including 169 main plants and 45 additional plants. The plant parts used for medicines were roots, rhizomes, stem, barks, sap, leaves, shoots, flowers, and fruit or seed, and their properties were commonly classified into hot or warm (panes or anget), cool (tis or dingin), and lukewarm (dumelada). The plants were used for making around 180 formulas and used them into various forms of medicines such as loloh, boreh, simbuh, oles, tempel, tutuh, and other to treat around 84 types of illnesses and diseases caused by both natural and supernatural powers.

Introduction: In the present era, due to the stressful lifestyle and dual responsibilities of a woman, the incidences of infertility and abortions have reached the zenith rendering the couples childless. Recurrent Pregnancy loss is a common problem during child bearing years. It is defined as the sequence of two or more spontaneous abortions before 20weeks of pregnancy. The causes of RPL are complex and obscure. From among the many causes, one of the cause is Luteal phase defect. It results in early miscarriage as implantation and placentation are not supported adequately. Putraghni is a condition where repeated pregnancy loss occurs because of Artavadosha, Raktadosha caused Vata dosha.The article to understand RPL caused due to Luteal phase defect w.s.r to Putraghni Yonivyapad and study the effect of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of RPL caused due to luteal phase defect. Material and Methods: A case of a 31year old patient who was having repeated pregnancy loss is reported here. She was treated with both Shodhana and Shaman chikitsa till pregnancy. We have given Kashmaryadi ghrita along with Kashmari Kutaja ghrita Uttarbasti for 3 consecutive cycles. Pregnancy continued with treatment. Antenatal visits and USG observations gave positive outcome with healthy fetal growth. Result: Ayurvedic remedies were used to treat the patient for three months. This case study demonstrates the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment for recurrent pregnancy loss (Putraghni Yonivyapad) Conclusion: In this article, a case of repeated pregnancy loss due to luteal phase defect is treated successfully with Ayurvedic interventions.

The Unani System of Medicine (USM) has long employed terminalia chebula, a significant medicinal plant in pharmaceutics, to treat a wide range of illnesses and infections. The distinctive phytoconstituents (chebulenic acid, corilagin and casuarinin) found in this herb are thought to be a valuable and affordable source. These phytoconstituents are commonly used in the production of medications with higher safety margins and fewer harmful effects against various ailments. The mature dried fruits of terminalia chebula belong to the combretaceae family. It is also referred to as Halīlaj Asfar in Arabic, Halela Zard in Persian, Haritāki in Hindi and Chebulic Myrobalan in English. According to their level of maturation, each of these varieties can take on different forms, making this categorisation well-known in the USM. Halela has been used in Unani medicine for a very long period, either alone or in different compound formulations like Itrīfal or Triphala. The entire plant, with its great medicinal potential, has been used by Unani physicians to treat a wide range of conditions in humans. It is used as a blood purifier, astringent, cholagogue, carminative, brain tonic, eye tonic, cardiotonic, stomach tonic, gastrointestinal motility, kidney tonic and digestive anthelmintic. Terminalia chebula possesses a multitude of pharmacological and therapeutic qualities, including hepatoprotective, wound-healing, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic effects. In an effort to clarify further research in this field, this study aims to shed light on T. chebula by describing its widely recognised medicinal benefits.

Traditional medicine (TM) remains a cornerstone of healthcare in Sudan, across urban and rural settings. We explored TM use and its association with socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, economic status, and residence) in East Nile locality (ShargAlneil), Khartoum State. A survey encompassing 609 households (44.7% rural, 55.3% urban) revealed a high prevalence of TM use: over 80% reported using at least one form. Notably, significant socio-demographic variations emerged. Individuals with higher education leaned towards herbalists (p<0.05), while those with lower education favored religious healers (p<0.05). Similarly, older adults preferred religious healers (p<0.05), while males tended to choose herbalists (p<0.05). The most common ailments preferred to be treated by TM practitioners were spiritual and psychological issues, bone injuries, stomachaches, and headaches. Conversely, conditions like malaria, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease were primarily preferred to be managed by modern medicine. This study highlights the widespread use of TM across diverse demographics, with preferences for specific types of practitioners. It also underscores a selective trust in modern medicine for certain diseases. Integrating socio-demographic and cultural perspectives into healthcare delivery can enhance understanding of community needs and guide the development of appropriate interventions. Further research is warranted to delve deeper into the reasons behind these variations in treatment preferences.

“Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, elucidates a comprehensive framework for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of diseases. A critical concept within this framework is the “Shatkriya kala”, explained by Acharya Sushruta which describes the six stages of disease development. These stages- Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara, Sthana Samshraya, Vyakta, Bheda- offer insight into the dynamic process of disease evaluation and guide timely intervention. It shows the stepwise progression of Dosha and Rogas. A clear understanding about the consecutive stages of disease, early diagnosis, prognosis, to adopt preventive and curative measures in Ayurvedic Pathology, the Shatkriya kala becomes essential. Likewise, understanding and inervening at the appropriate stages of Shatkriya Kala is crucial for the effective management and treatment of Amavata. In Ayurveda, Amavata is a debilitating condition compared to Rheumatoid Arthritis in modern, characterised by the accumulation of Ama(toxins) and the aggravation of Vata dosha. So, through this article, an attempt is made to highlight the importance of Shatkriya kala in the context of Amavata.

The aim of the research is to develop a safe and effective anthelmintic from plants, due to the increasing toxic effect of synthetic drugs. The reason behind this research is the undesirable side effects of synthetic drugs available in the market like drug resistance. So there is a need for the exploration of more medicinal plants for the treatment of various worm infections. Here the anthelmintic activity of combined methanolic extract of leaves of Cyclea peltata and roots of Cocos nucifera were studied. The extract were prepared by maceration technique and evaluated the anthelmintic activity against adult Pheretima Posthuma worms via anthelmintic assay. The reason for selecting these two plants for monitoring the anthelmintic activity because of the presence of tannins, which have been proved by previous phytochemical studies. Tannins have the capability to bind free proteins present in the cuticle, oral cavity etc, thus causing starvation of the larvae and thus possibly resulting in their death. Combined Anthelmintic activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Cyclea peltata and roots of Cocos nucifera were carried out by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test at 95% confidence interval using graph pad prism software version 9.0.0 Statistical analysis also shows that the combined extracts increase the anthelmintic activity by each other, which can be monitored by analyzing the statistical significance and statistical non-significance, thus it proved to be synergistic. About three formulations were prepared from combined plant extract (25,50 and 100mg/5ml) and the time of paralysis and death were calculated, which establish significant synergistic anthelmintic activity against adult Pheretima Posthuma worms. Albendazole 25mg/5ml were used as a standard drug. Thus the plants can be used for the safe and effective management of helminthiasis.

The discursive practices of biomedicine tend to lead to effects in which individuals subjectify themselves as reified bodies in which there is a disjunction in relation to the psychic, taking the body as independent of the context where the relationships of living with their historicities are processed. From a different perspective, we bring discussions about another view of the body, which integrates mind and body in the processes of understanding existence and illness, from a historically subject point of view, namely, Homeopathy as a medical rationality. The importance of this discussion arises from the search for a dynamic understanding of the disease, based on a discussion about some bases of body vitalism that incorporates the subject's mind and body, thus being able to pave the way for another type of care, which takes into account the existential mode beyond a body structured into organs. REERENCES: AGAMBEM, Giorgio. The use of bodies [Homo sacer, IV, 2], São Paulo: Boitempo, 2017 On the soul, National Press - Casa da Moeda, 2010, Brazil CANGUILHEM, Georges. The knowledge of life, Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2012 FOUCAULT, Michel. The birth of the clinic, Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2004 FOUCAULT, Michel. In defense of society, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2005 FRANÇOIS-FLORES, Fernando Darío. El prodigio de Meissen, Mexico-DS: Ed autónoma - 1000 copies, 2014 HAHNEMANN, Samuel. Organon da arte de cura, São Paulo: Robe Editorial, 1996 LARROSA BONDIA, Jorge. Notas sobre a experiência e o saber de experiência, Revista Brasileira de Educação nº19, pp 20-28, 2002 LUZ, Madel Theresinha. The art of healing versus the science of disease - the social history of homeopathy in Brazil, Porto Alegre: Rede Unida, 2014 NASCIMENTO, Marilene; NOGUEIRA, Maria Ines; BARROS, Nelson; LUZ, Madel. A categoria racinalidade médica e uma nova epistemologia em saúde, Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, vol 18, nº 12, Rio de Janeiro, 2013. ORELLANA, Rodrigo Castro. Ética para un rostro de arena: Michel Foucault y el cuidado de la libertad, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Faculdad de Filosofía - Doctoral thesis, 2004. PORTOCARRERO, Vera. The life sciences - from Canguilem to Foucault, Rio de Janeiro: FIOCRUZ, 2009. REBOLLO, Regina Andrés. The Hippocratic legacy and its fortune in the Greco-Roman period: from Kos to Galen (In SCIENTILE Studia, v.4, pp 45-82), São Paulo, 2006 SAFATLE, Vladimir. O circuito dos afetos - corpos políticos, desamparo e o fim do indivíduo, Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2016

The ancient Ayurveda philosopher described the concept of Dravyaguna which deals with the properties of drugs and also establishes correlation between Ayurveda properties of Dravya and their biological action. The concept of Dravyaguna related with the nature, nomenclature, actions and properties, etc. of Dravyas. The Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava and Karma of Dravya play major role towards their biological action. The Ayurveda Samhitas put great emphasis on the concept of Dravyaguna. The Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and Prabhava affects Doshas and Dhatus thus exhibited pharmacological actions. These attributes of Ayurveda drugs also alter Agni and Strotas, thus affects physiological functioning significantly. The properties of drugs considered responsible for specific therapeutic responses including pacification of Dosha, potentiating Dhatus, curing vitiation of Agni and relieving obstruction of Strotas, etc. These all therapeutic properties of Dravya can be attributed to their Guna, Virya, Rasa and Vipaka. The knowledge of Dravyaguna Vigyan is very essential not only for therapeutic utilization of drugs but also for suggesting appropriate Ahara for diseased person since particular qualities of Ahara imparts specific responses which can either cause or treat diseases.