Volume 7, Issue 1

Number of medicinal plants is being used for the treatment of various Psychiatric & Psychosomatic disorders. In current era, percentage of behavioral disorders are alarmingly increasing. Oppositional Defiant Disorder is one of the behavioral disorders of children, which hampers scholastic performance of the child. According to the epidemiological survey, the prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder is 6% in America. It is more common among children from lower socio economic status (SES) families. If we consider the therapeutic measures for this, modern psychology relies upon behavioral therapy & educational intervention. The medication therapy is yet to be established with concrete base.Considering above, Rasayana dravyas becomes more important as far as medical interventions for this problem is concerned. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn.) is the Medhya Rasayana Drugs stated by Bhavaprakash Nihantu which is widely used in various diseases related to Manas eg. Unmada, Apasmara etc. In the context of Ayurveda as far as Oppositional Defiant Disorder is concerned, Manas, Vayu (Prana & Udana) & Sadhak pitta are most important factors. Hence in Oppositional Defiant Disorder a Rasayana which normalizes the functions of above doshas & Mana is required. Brahmi pacifies the aggravated doshas especially Vata & Pitta, so Brahmi is selected for the present study. A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients of Oppositional Defiant Disorder of school age group of 9-11 years. The subjects fulfilling the criteria of selection were enrolled into the study after obtaining ICF. The criteria of assessment were Reduction in the gradation of defiant behavior as per CRF, Reduction in the score of Junior Eyesnck Personality Questionnaire, Effect on Mental Functions etc..

ABCD, a horrify disease for the patient as well as for others who visit the patient, put the patient in mental stress also by repeated incidences. Anti allergic drugs and Steroids are also not very much helpful for the chronic patients. Such types of patients always search for an alternative treatment remedy to get rid of this unpleasant look. So an effort was made to implement ayurvedic principle by Panchakarma therapy on request of a puzzled patient and the result was encouraging.

Vulvovaginitis during pregnancy may be considered under the umbrella of Upapluta Yonivyapad. Total 29 patients in the age Group of 19-40 years suffering from vulvovaginitis during pregnancy were registered for the study among which 27 completed the course of treatment. The selected patients were randomly allotted in to two Groups. Panchvalkladi Varti (1gm twice a day for 14 days) was selected as a Trial Group and Clingen (Clotrimazole-100 mg and Clindamycin100 mg once a day for 14 days) vaginal suppository was selected as a Control Group for local application (in vagina). Highly significant results were seen in symptoms in both the Groups, and on comparing the results in the two Groups we found that the results were almost equivalent. In Group A, complete relief was observed in 25% of the patients; in Group B, marked improvement was observed in 60% of patients.

Astragalus is herb found mainly in temperate climate of Northern China, Korea, North-eastern Russia, and Japan and Northern part of USA. This is a perennial herb & shrub its length about 2-3 feet. When it become four year old then root part of this plant used, many hundred species of this plant cultivated but only few used as a drug. There are three chemical compounds found in its roots, Saponin, Flavonoids and polysaccharides. References .

Over three-quarter of the world’s population is using herbal medicines with increasing trend globally. Plant medicines may be beneficial but are not completely harmless. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of raw lemon and honey against different enteric human pathogens.Antimicrobial activity of lime juice is characterized by damage to the cell wall resulting in changes in cell morphology analysis of bacteria. Mixing lime juice with honey was also shown a maximum zone of inhibition against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans. Traditionally in Indonesian, lime juice added honey is often used as a cough medicine.

The Skin is the largest among the organs of the body and provides an immediate barrier between the internal tissues and environment. Skin protects the body from the effects of temperature and chemical and microbial attack. Skin has a great cosmetic importance. The disorders of skin greatly affects the mental and physical state of a human being. Among the various disorders of the skin Psoriasis has prime importance and has raised challenges for medical fraternity. According to the Ayurvedic science the skin disorders are mentioned under the term Kushta. There are 18 types of Kushta. Among them Eka kushta andKitibha which are mentioned under Kshudra Kushtas have similarities with the symptoms of Psoriasis. There are various treatment modalities mentioned for Psoriasis. This paper reviews some of the single drug remedies mentioned for the treatment of Eka kushta and Kitibha in various Ayurvedic classics and nighantus.

Panchakarmas: ‘Panchakarmas’ literally means ‘Five Methods of Body Purification’, which are employed in healthy person to prevent diseases and improve immunity as also in the sick to treat number of diseases. There are certain preparatory methods to be done before the actual Panchakarmas performed. They are called as ‘Poorvakarma’ in Ayurveda and involve internal administration of medicated oil or ghee etc. (Abhyantara Snehana), external application of oils (Bahya Snehana) and fomentation (Swedana).[1] Panchakarmas as per Sushruta Samhita are: Ø Vamana (Emesis therapy) Ø Virechana (Purgation therapy) Ø Nasya (Nasal insuffalation) Ø Basti (Enema therapy) Ø Raktmokshana (Blood-letting therapy)[2]

Castor plant is widely available everywhere. In Ayurveda it is know as Eranda. Its to belongs to family Euphorbiaeace. Castor oil is used as purgative, laxative in Ayurveda . This activity of the plant possess due to the important phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids and steroids etc. castor oil contains ricinoleic acid, it used as all type of rheumatic activity. Castor plant are used in case of dandruff, hair fall, it has good result. Castor plant are very useful herbal drug in our science not only traditionally it has very good effect in medicinally also. In pharmacologically it has so many other effect like anti analgesic, anti inflammatory ,purgative, hepatoprotective etc. References 1.Mishra Bhava, Bhavprakash First Part, Commentary by Shri Brahmasankara Misra and ShriRuplalajiVaisya,11th edn. (Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan,Varanasi),2007. 2.Nadkarni K. M. Indian Materia Medica, Volume One, 2nd edition- 1927, 1065,1070. 3.Jitendra Jena*, Ashish Kumar Gupta, Ricinus Communis Linn: A Phytopharmacological Review, Pharmacy College, Itaura, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh-276128, Uttar Pradesh: 4.Krunal A. Doshi,Analgesic activity of wild and cultivated varieties of Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.) root, International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 5.Manpreet Rana, Ricinus communis L. – A Review, International Journal of PharmTech Research. 6.Dr Prakash.L.Hegde,Dr Harini.A, A text book of Dravyaguna Vigyan. 7.Prof.Dr A.P.Deshpandey,Prof.Dr.Subhash Ranade,Dravyaguna Vignyan Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. 1-

Body is defined as “that which decays” what decays is the group of dhatus, the constituent tissues that support the life. Ageing is defined as a progressive impairment of function resulting in loss of adaptive responses to stress and a growing risk of aggravated diseases As per the Ayurvedic principles there is a predominance of vata in old age which is said to be one of the important cause of ageing. The vitiated vata affects adversely the strength, complexion and happiness, the span of life, sense faculties and functions of motor organs and gives rise to fear, anxiety, bewilderment, and take away the life. No special symptoms are mentioned in Ayurvedic text about the ageing effects on particular dhatus. Whatever signs and symptoms of ageing are explained, out of them some or other symptoms pertain to one or other dhatu. This article mainly focused on effects of ageing on different dhatus with respect to different systems of the body. References 1. Charaka Samhitha sutra stana 12th chapter 8th sloka, with Chakrapani commentary, vol-1, Translated by R.K.Sharma Bagwandash Chowkamba Sanskrit Series. 2. The concepts of ageing in ayurveda: By k.k.Dwivedi, M.Paul, P.B.Behere & R.h.Singh :A jornal of Ancient science of life,vol. xiv January-April 1993 377-387. 3. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 100. 4. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page101. 5. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 102. 6. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 103. 7. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 104. 8. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 105. 9. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 105,106. 10. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 106. 11. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 106 2nd para. 12. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 107. 13. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 107 2nd 3 rd paras. 14. Dr. Mukund Sabnis, varanasi: Chaukhambha Amarabharathi prakasa 2009 concepts of Rasayana: Page 108. 15. Sastri K, Chaturvedi G, editors. Sarirasthan. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Bharti Academy; 1998. Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Vidyotini; p. 834

Ayurveda, the science of life describes hridaya (heart) is indispensable for all the normal mental and physical activities because entire sense of perception representing animation depends on the heart. Heart is the substratum of the ojas par-excellance and it is also control of the mind. A small injury or variation in ahara and vihara produce syncope or uncosciousness , while any serious injury to it results to death.So hridaya should be protected from factors which cause unhappiness of the mind especially. Foods and activities which are good to heart should be used with all effort. In this article an honest review has been made regarding preventive measures as well as cardioprotecives (hridya References 1.Murthy KRS, Charaka samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2010, sutrasthana 30:5:page no.510 2.http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/ Date- 6/10/2014 3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC2945204/ Date- 4/10/2014 4.Murthy KRS, Charaka samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2010, sutrasthana 17:78:page no.285 5.Park.K,Preventive and Social medicine,19th edition,Banaridas bhanot,Jabalpur,2020,chapter no.6,page no.303 6.Park.K,Preventive and Social medicine,19th edition,Banaridas bhanot,Jabalpur,2020,chapter no.6,page no.305 7.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 30:13-14, page no.596 8.Park.K,Preventive and Social medicine,19th edition,Banaridas bhanot,Jabalpur,2020,chapter no.6,page no.305 9.Lochan kanjiv,english translation, Bhaishajyaratnavali,volII, chaukhambha sanskrit sansthan, varanasi,2009,chapter 33,page no.452 10.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 25:40, page no.425 11.Lochan kanjiv,english translation, Bhaishajyaratnavali,volII, chaukhambha sanskrit sansthan, varanasi,2009,chapter 33,page no.453 12.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 7:24, page no.150 13.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 25:40, page no.424 14.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:54,page no.380 & 46:358 page no.427 15.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:312, page no.556 16.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:2230, page no 536 17.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:49,page no.334 18.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:74,page no.342 19.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:132,page no.352 20.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:14, page no 516 21.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:150, page no 517 22.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:156, page no 517 23.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 46:185,page no.400 24.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:155, page no 517 25.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 46:152,page no.395 26.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 26:170, page no 523 27.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 46:262,page no.412 28.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:289, page no 550 29.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:296, page no 552 30.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:301, page no 552 31.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:302, page no 552 32.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 46:340,page no.424 33.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:277, page no 548 34.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:278, page no 548 35.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 46:383,page no.431 36.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:251, page no 543 37.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:259, page no 544 38.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:271, page no 547 39.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:284, page no 549 40.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:284,page no.359 41.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 26:188, page no 526 42.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:251, page no 543 43.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:191, page no 526 44.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:183, page no 526 45.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 27:184, page no 526 46.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:20,page no.328 47.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:43,page no.332 48.Murthy KRS, susruta samhita, Vol I,Chaukhamba orientalia,Varanasi,2012, sutrasthana 45:34,page no.331 49.Lochan kanjiv,english translation, Bhaishajyaratnavali,volII, chaukhambha sanskrit sansthan, varanasi,2009,chapter 33,page no.435-452 50.R K Sharma,Bhagavan dash, Charaka samhita, vol I, cahowkhamba sanskrit series office, varanasi,2008 edition, sutrasthana 4:10, page no .90 51.Ghanekar BG,Susruta samhita, motilal banarasidas, Delhi,chikitsa sthana 24:22, page no 478 52. Ghanekar BG,Susruta samhita, motilal banarasidas, Delhi,chikitsa sthana 24:57, page no 481

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? (Modern view) Rheumatoid Arthritis is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by a chronic polyarthritis mainly affecting the smaller peripheral joints, accompanied by general ill health and resulting eventually in varying degree of crippling joint deformities and associated muscle wasting. [1] What is Amavata? (Ayurvedic view)[2] According to Madhavnidana, Adhyaya No.25, Shloka No 6, Clinical features of Amavata are Angamarda (Bodyache), Aruchi (Tastelesness), Trushna (Thirst), Alasya (Laziness), Gaurav (Heaviness), Jwara (Fever), Apaka (Indigestion) and Anganam Shunata (Swelling of body) References 1 Nancy Roper,(editor),Churchill Livingstone Pocket Medical Dictionary,14thedition, ,New York1987, p-233. 2. Shri Sudarshan Shashtri, Madhav Nidanam Purvardha, Trutiya Sanskaran, ChaukhambhaPrakashan, Varanasi 2012, p-511. 3. R. Alagappan, Manual of Practical Medicine, 4thedition, Jaypee brothers,2011, p- 696,699,700. 4. YP Munjal, API Textbook of Medicine,11thedition, Association of physician,2012, p-1389.

TAO also known as buerger’s disease is non atherosclerotic, inflammatory disease of peripheral blood vessels affecting small & medium sized vessels of extrimities.TAO is one of the cause of chronic lower limb ischaemia or CLI (critical limb ischaemia)1 .It mainly occurs in males habited to smoke . Smoking is strongly associated with disease course & progression. However exact cause of TAO is still not known . Symptoms includes sever cramp like pain in affected limb during walking , (ischaemic pain also called as intermitant claudication) , rest pain , non healing deep painful ulcer at the most distal part of the body like tip of toes,gangrenous patches of skin or subcutaneous tissue or gangrene of distal parts like toes,ischemic changes like coldness of limb , colour changes from pale , redish to blue , loss of hairs ,dry brital nails. Conservative treatment includes narcotic analgesics as simple NSAID dose not work,buerger’s position (elevation of head end of the bed),abstinence from smoking(nicotin in any form should be stopped complitly),vasodialators like prostacyclines or xanthinol nicotinate may given to improve circulation particularly for healing of ulcer.Theses all gives temporary relief . Apart from these chemical sympathectomy or surgical sympathectomy,omentoplasty are tried but not done know a days as the results are not satisfactory & procedure related complications are more & may prove fetal to the life of patient. Conservative amputation of gangrenous toe is done . Amputation below knee or above knee is not needed generally but in sever cases not responding to any treatment may be the last option to get rid of pain. Treatment is bessicaly aimed at reliving pain , healing of ulcer if present , & stoping progress of disease2 Inspite of all these treatment measures the patients of TAO have severe pain , they spend sleepless nights & some have suicidal tendancy due to severe pain.(cases are on record that the patients have commited suicide by jumping from 2nd floor of hospital) 3 . So there is still need for effective managent of disease by alternative means. In present case study one of our patient suffuring from TAO was effectively managed by leech application, Kaishor Guggulu & chandrakala rasa along with modern treatment regim . This case illustrates the effectiveness of ayurvedic treatment in the management of peripheral vascular disorder.. References 1.&2.Thromboangiitis oblitrance(Buerger’s Disease)-current practices - NCBI Vijayakumar Rahul Tiwari,Vinod Kumar Prabhuswami. 3.Manipal mannual of surgery by K Rajgopal Shenoy-2nd edition. 4.Leeches medicinalis.com , RICARIMPEX(Biology) 5.Sharangdhar Samhita – Madhyam khand,Dipika & Gudarth Dipika commentary page 203, edited with footnotes by Parshuramshstri Vidyasagar – 3rd edition 1983 6.A clinical study of combination therapy i.e. Jalaukavcharan with Kaishor Guggulu in management of Siraj granthi w.s.r. to Varicose veins. 7.Siddha Yog sangraha.