Volume 6, Issue 6

Herbo-mineral formulations are gaining negative propaganda in population. Hence, mankind can remain deficient from the bounty of effective and efficient ayurvedic formulation like makardhawaja. It is used as a rejuvenating & aphrodisiac (rasayan and vajikaran) drug. Modern medicine evolved a method of subjecting all assumptions to experimental verification and statistical validation. Therefore, current research had been undertaken with an aim to study cytotoxicity against selected MCF-7 human cell lines. Makardhwaj was prepared according to the reference of rasachandanshu which is a herbo-mineral formulation. Its cytotoxicity study was conducted at ACTREC. The solvent used for dissolution of the study drug was DMSO. Human cancer cell lines MCF-7 of breast were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and DMSO at -20 0C. Cell culture was performed in incubators at 37°C .The selected cell lines were inoculated in 96 well plates, in which study drug was tested at 4 dose levels i.e. 10, 20, 40, 80 µg/ml. Adriamycin was used as a positive control drug for comparative screening. According to SRB assay protocol Lc50values were calculated as declared by NCI. The study had revealed that, makardhwaja is not cytotoxic as the observed LC50 values were found > 80 in the study. References 1. Makardhwaja through Ages. Dr.Debasispanigrahi, Dr.Parimi Suresh.. Journal Of Drug Research 2013:2(1):36 42. ISSN: 2319-5916. 2. Rasachandanshuramesh Vitthalsuryawanshishreegajanan Book Depo, Sadashivpeth, Pune, Third Print. 3. SRB ASSAY-Skehan P, Storeng R, Scudiero D, Monks A, Mcmohan J, Vistica D, Warrenjt, Bokesh H, Kenny S & Boyd M, New Calorimetric Cytotoxicity Assay For Anticancer Drugscreening. J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 82, 1990, 1107-1111. 4.Sulforhodamine B Colorimetric Assay For Cytotoxicity Screening Nature Protocols 1, - 1112 - 1116 (2006) Vanichavichai And Kanyawimkirtikara. 5.S Sinyorita, CK Ghosh, A Chakrabarti, B Auddy, Runaghosh, PK Debnath, - A Preliminary Study, IJEB, Vol. 49, July 2011, Pg- 534-539. 6. MATERIA MEDICA. 7. Sushrutsamhita,Nidansthan, Shastri AD, Part- I, 11th Edn, (Choukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan , Varanasi), 1997, 272-273. 8.Toxicity Tests With Mammalian Cell Culture B. EKWALL, V. SILANO, A. PAGANUZZI-STAMMATI AND F. ZUCCO Short-Term Toxicity Tests for Non-Genotoxic Effects Edited By P. Bourdeau Et Al. @1990 SCOPE. Published By John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 9.Rasataranginisadananda Sharma Kashinathshashtrimotilalbanarasi Das 2000. 10.Aayurved Prakash, Shree Gulabraj Sharma Mishra., 3rd Edition. 11.Yogratnakar II, Bhisagratnabrahmashankarshastrichoukhambaprakashan. 12.Evaluation Of In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Taebernaemontana Divaricate. Akhilasravyadantu, Shankarguru P, Ramya Devi D, Vedhahari BN* Department Of Pharmaceutical Technology, School Of Chemical and Bio-Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613401, (T.N.), India. 13.Evaluation Of Some Plant Extracts For Standardization And Anticancer Activity SN Gaidhani1*, Arjun Singh1, Suman Kumari1, GS Lavekar1, AS Juvekar2, S Sen2 & MM Padhi1 1Central Council For Research In Ayurvedic Sciences, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opposite ‘D’ Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi; 2Advance Centre For Treatment, Research And Education In Cancer (ACTREC), Kharger, Navi Mumbai-410 210, India. 14.Anticancer Potential Of The Convolvulus Arvensismanbir Kaur1, A.N.Kalia2 I.S.F. College Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, Moga1,2 Punjab. 15.Anticancer And Antioxidant Activities Of Standardized Whole Fruit, Pulp, And Peel Extracts Of Egyptian Pomegranate Amira Abdel Motaal*,A And Sherifshakerb A Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy St., Cairo 11562, Egypt Bpharmaceutical Research And Development Department, Atos Pharma, Sekem, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Road, El Horreya, Cairo, P.B. 2834, Egypt. 16.Anti-Cancer And Anti-Microbial Activity Of Hydro Alcoholic Extract Of Bougainvillea Glabra Joshny J, Ramya Devi D, *Vedhahari B.N Department Of Pharmaceutical Technology, School Of Chemical And Bio-Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613401, (T.N.). India. 17.The NCI In Vitro Anticancer Drug Discovery Screen Concept, Implementation, And Operation, 1985-1995.Michael R. Boyd, MD, Phd 18.Methods For In Vitro Screening Of Anticancer Agents S. K. Kanthilal1, V.Suresh1, G. Arunachalam2, A. Suresh1, G. Shekar1, N. Senthilkumar1. 1 J.K.K. Munirajah Medical Research Foundation College Of Pharmacy, B.Komarapalayam, Nammakal.2 a. PGP College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute Nammakal, Tamilnadu b. JKKMMRF College of Pharmacy 19.In Vitro Methods For Nanotoxicity Assessment: Advantages And Applications:Poonamtakhar And Sheefalimahant , MM College Of Pharmacy, MM University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection, commonly known as UTI, affects as many as 50% women at least once during their lifetime. All individuals are susceptible to Urinary Tract Infection (UTI); however the prevalence of infection differs with age, sex and certain predisposing factors.. References Sushruta Samhita Of Sushruta With TheNibandhasangraha Commentary Of Sri DalhanAcharyaand The NyayachandrikaPanjika Of Sri Gayadasacharya On Nidanasthana; Vd. YadavajiTrikamaji Acharya And Narayan Ram Acharya, 2002 7th Publication, ChaukhmbhaOrientalia, Varanasi. Bailey and love’s (short practice of surgery), 24th edition. SarthVagbhataof Marathi Translation OfVagbhatakritaAshtanghridya; Dr. Ganesh Krishna Garade, Published 1891, Edition 2001 AnmolPrakashana Pune. Charakasamhita Of Agnivesha Elaborated By Charakaa And DridhabalaWith Ayurveda-DipikaCommentary By Chakrapanidatta,Vd. YadhavajiTrikamaji Acharya, 2008, ChaukhambaSurabharatiPrakshana,Varanasi. Textbook of surgery: s.das, 3rd edition2001. Pharmacology By K.D.Tripathi. Physician Writer-Michael T. McDermott, Section Editors-Deborah Cotton, Darren Taichman, Sankey Williams, ACP-annals of internal medicine, 2012. Hutchison’s Clinical Methods;M. Swash, 2nd Edi-1997, W.B. Saunders Company. Sharangdhar Samhita. KhemrajShrikrishnadas Publishers 2013 edi. Available online at: http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/sharangdhar-samhita-khemraj-edition-HAA824/ . Methods In Biostatics; B. K Mahajan, 1997, 6th Edition, Forwarded By Dr. V.P.Reddaiah; JaypeeBrothes, Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.Delhi. Research in Ayurveda; Dr. M.S. Baghel, 2nd Edi-2005, Published ByMriduAyu. Echols RM, Tosiello RL, Haverstock DC, Tice AD Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Jul; 29(1):113-9. AshtangaSangraha (Sutra Sthana) Of Acharya Vagbhata; KavirajAtradeva Gupta, 1 St Edition, NirnayaSagarMudranalaya, Mumbai. AshtangaSamgraha of Vagbhata, English Translation By Prof.K.R.Shrikantha Murthy, ChaukhambhaOrientalia Varanasi, 5th Edition, 2005. Medicinal plants/ Ayurvedic HerbalMedicines. Available at :https://www.scribd.com/doc/74230347/Ayurveda-Herbs-254151124 Accessed : Nov.2016 .

Introduction : ‘Vicharchika’(ECZEMA) is described under KshudraKushthain Ayurvedicclassics, also mentioned as a curable disease yet the relapsing nature of thisdisease makes it much harassment for patient and troubles some for physician too Jalauka vacharana karma by Jalauka (Leech) are considered as the ideal method to expel out the vitiated blood safely, quickly and effectively. Acharya Charaka has advocated, about the line of treatment ofKushtha, Jalaukavacharana karma for Pitta pradhanadosha and Raktapradhanadusti... References 1.Eczema (Dermatitis), sign and symptoms, available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eczema 2.Christopher haslett , Edwin R chilver ,Nicholas a boon , Nicki r Colledge, Skin Disease, Davidsons principles and practice of medicine, Chapter 21, 19thedition, Pub Churchill Livingstone,P 1056 3.Aminder j kanwar and dipankar de, indian k dermatol. 2011 sep-oct;56(5)471-475 4.Christopher haslett , Edwin R chilver ,Nicholas a boon , Nicki r Colledge, Skin Disease, Davidsons principles and practice of medicine, Chapter 21, 19thedition, Pub Churchill Livingstone, P 1074 5. Michalsen A, Roth M, Dobos G, Aurich M. Stattgurt, Germany: Apple Wemding; 2007. Medicinal Leech Therapy. 6. Knobloch K. Leeches in microsurgery – An evidence-based approach. In: Kini RM, Clemetson KJ, Markland FS, McLane MA, Morita T, editors. Toxins and Hemostasis. Netherlands: Springer Science; 2011. pp. 735–45. 7. Munshi Y, Ara I, Rafique H, Ahmad Z. Leeching in the history – A review. Pak J Biol Sci.2008;11:1650–3. 8. 16. Porshinsky BS, Saha S, Grossman MD, Beery Ii PR, Stawicki SP. Clinical uses of the medicinal leech: A practical review. J Postgrad Med. 2011;57:65–71. 9. Corral-Rodríguez MA, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Pereira PJ, Fuentes-Prior P. Leech-derived thrombin inhibitors: From structures to mechanisms to clinical applications. J Med Chem. 2010;53:3847–61. 10. Baskova IP, Korostelev AN, Chirkova LD, Zavalova LL, Basanova AV, Doutremepuich C. Piyavit from the medicinal leech is a new orally active anticoagulating and antithrombotic drug. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 1997;3:40–5. 11. Cherniack EP. Bugs as drugs, part two: Worms, leeches, scorpions, snails, ticks, centipedes, and spiders. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16:50–8. 12. Walsmann P, Markwardt F. On the isolation of the thrombin inhibitor hirudin. Thromb Res. 1985;40:563–9. 13. Srivastava A, Sharma R. A brief review on applications of leech therapy. Arch Appl Sci Res.2010;2:271–4. 14. Sun H. From leeching to anaphrodisiacs: Treatments of epilepsy in the nineteenth century. Univ Toronto Med J. 2007;84:107–10. 15. Green PA, Shafritz AB. Medicinal leech use in microsurgery. J Hand Surg Am. 2010;35:1019–21

Pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pelvis of kidney. It can cause high fever, pain on passing urine, and abdominal pain that radiates along the flank towards the back. There is often associated vomiting. A female patient 55 yrs old was diagnosed as Pyelonephritis came for ayurvedic treatment with complaints of bilateral pedal edema, bilateral pedal itching, weight gain, constipation, difficulty in urination etc. All these symptoms were reduced after treatment also major reduction in swelling was seen.. References 1. Ramakrishnan, K; Scheid, DC (2005)."Diagnosis and management of acute pyelonephritis in adults". American Family Physician. 71 (5): 933–42. 2. Hultgren, SJ (2011). "Pathogenic Cascade of E. coli UTI". UTI Pathogenesis. St. Louis, Missouri: Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Washington University. 3. Korkes, F; Favoretto RL; Bróglio M; Silva CA; Castro MG; Perez MD (2008). "Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: clinical experience with 41 cases". Urology.71 (2): 178–80. 4. Kashinath Shastri, Charak Samhita, Chauhambha Sansrit sansthan, Varanasi, 2009,264 5. Kashinath Shastri, Charak Samhita, Chauhambha Sansrit sansthan, Varanasi, 2009,265 6. Yadvaji Triamji Acharya, Sushruta Samhita, Chauhambha Sansrit sansthan, Varanasi, 2009, 485 7. Yadvaji Triamji Acharya, Sushruta Samhita, Chauhambha Sansrit sansthan, Varanasi, 2009, 489

Ayurveda; an eternal system of medicine, is known for its multidimensional approach towards mankind. Utility of this science starts from fertilization till death. Health of a person means healthy physical body and mind together. Ayurveda helps in keeping balance, harmony and equilibrium in all physiological activities of body and mind. Sleep is important because it affects our mental, physical, and emotional well-being. Sleep is defined as a state of unconsciousness from which a person can be aroused. In this state, the brain is relatively more responsive to internal stimuli than external stimuli. Sleep is essential for normal, healthy functioning of the human body. When the mind gets exhausted or become inactive and the sensory and motor organs become inactive then the individual gets sleep. During sleep different kinds of dreams will be seen. Sleep was born at the time of commencement of the creation of the universe only, out of tamas. Sleep is another form of tamas and manifests due to the predominency of tamas generally in nights. References Prakãśana 1. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī, 1992, Ch-11/35. 2. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã,(chakrapannidata) Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, Ch-11/35. 3. Śãstrī Ambikãdatta, Suśruta Samhitã(ghangadhar), Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Sanskŗta Sansthãna, 2005, Ch-4/40 4. Tripãthī Ravidatta, Aşţãńga Sańgraha (Sūtrasthãna), Delhi, Chuakhamba Sanskŗta Pratistãna, 2005, Ch-9/38-39 5. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī, 1992, Ch-21/36-38 6. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã,(chakrapannidata) Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, Ch-21/35. 7. Śãstrī Ambikãdatta, Suśruta Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Sanskŗta Sansthãna, 2005, Ch-4/40 8. Tripãthī Ravidatta, Aşţãńga Sańgraha (Sūtrasthãna), Delhi, Chuakhamba Sanskŗta Pratistãna, 2005, Ch-9/41 9. Waterhouse Jim; Fukuda Yumi; Morita Takeshi (2012). "Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle" Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 31 (5). 10. Kasper Braunwald, Fauci Hauser & Longo Jameson, Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, New Delhi, Medical Publishing Division, 16th edition. 11. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, 21/58 12. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã,(chakrapannidata) Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, Ch-21/58 13. Tripãthī Ravidatta, Aşţãńga Sańgraha (Sūtrasthãna), Delhi, Chuakhamba Sanskŗta Pratistãna, 2005, Ch-9/68 14. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, 21/36-38 15. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, 6/30 16. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, 21/29 17. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, 21/39-43 18. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, 21/44-49 19. Trikamjī Yãdavajī, Caraka Samhitã, Vãrãņasī, Caukhambã Surbhãratī Prakãśana, 1992, 21/50 20. Tripãthī Ravidatta, Aşţãńga Sańgraha (nidansthãna), Delhi, Chuakhamba Sanskŗta Pratistãna, 2005, Ch-3/22 21. Yogaratnakara, Kshudra Roga Chikitsa, edited by Bhishagratna Brahmashankar Shastri, 8 th ed., Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2004;283. 22. Western Journal of Nursing Research 2011 23. Guyton Arthur & Hall John, Textbook of Medical Physiology, Elsevier Publications, 11th edition, 2006. 24. Poceta Steven & Mitler Merrill, Sleep Disorders, Totowa, New Jersey, Humana Press, 1996.

In this literature an effort is made to show and exhibit the position of grahani compared with modern anatomical structure by referring all the classics and sangrahakaras grahani is pittadara kala and it is not a organ (duodenum). Anatomical, physiological and pathologically in both Ayurvedic and modern It is came to know that grahani is not a duodenum it is lining epithelial membrane which is present in small intestine. Here the word grahanath grahani the food which holds for long period to help digestion and absorption. This grahana activity will be done by plicae circularis and villi. Which are present in the small intestine by increase the surface area of the mucosa layer in the lumen 8 times. I hat’s off to the knowledge of our ancient’s without seeing microstructure of intestine they explained grahanath grahani. References 1.Charaka Samhita, Chikitsasthana 15/56-57, edited by YadavajiTrivikrama Acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, New Delhi, 2014, page no. 517 2.Susruta Samhita, Sareerasthana, 4th chapter 18thslokha, edited by YadavajiTrikamaji Acharya, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Samsthana, Varanasi, 2014, 3.AstangaSangraha, Sareerasthana, 5th chapter 36thslokha, edited by Dr Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series office, Varanasi, 2014, page no. 303 4.AsthangaHridayam, Sareerasthana, 3rd chapter 50 -51thslokha, edited by Pt. HarisadasivaShastriParasakara, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Prakashan,Varanasi, 2011, page no. 394 5. SharangadarsamhitaK.R.Srikanta Murthy 4th edition-2001 page no-28 -zÉÉ. zÉÉ.6-36 6. Susrutasharirasthana by- PriyaVrat Sharma edition 2005 page no-200 -zÉÑ zÉÉ.4/18 7 7. “Ayurveda Mahasammelan Patrika”,1942,-Page-415.” 8. “Principles of Tridosha”,1937,Page,59,94.”8 9. “Ayurvedic Sharira”, D.N.Banjerjee, Vol-1,Page-274.9 10. SusruthaSharira 4, Page,113, Ghanekar, 10 11. “TridoshaTatwavimarsha”, R.R.Pathaka,Page,160.11 12. “Ayurveda KriyaSharira”, R.Ray, Page,384.12 13. *“Madhavanidhana”, Commentary by S.Shastri, Purvaadi Page, 150.13 14. “CharakaSamhitha” by Shri GulabKunverba Ayurvedic Society, Jamnagar, Vol-5,Page, 56-57. 15.(A)—Ayurvedaacharyaprof||Dhamodar Sharma Gowda.M.M.S.srivaidyanathayurvedabhavan limited, great nagaroad nagapur-9. 1st-Eddition-1964 and 2nd Eddition-1979 (B)— By Dr.BynarjeeDheku Ayurveda ShariraPrusta 282 (PARISHABDHA shabdharthashariram). 16. Modern Anatomy, Indrabir Singh’s Text book of Human Histology 7th eddition15 17. Shri Shiv CharanDhyaniGrahaniRoga Thesis16-( page no-16) 18.Susruta Samhita, Sareerasthana, 7th chapter 3rdslokha, edited by YadavajiTrikamaji Acharya, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Samsthana, Varanasi, 2014, page no. 376 19. Tropical sprue-tropical Diseases”-‘Manson & Bahr’ – page 571, 1952 Eddition 20. Charaka Samhita, Sareerasthana 7th chapter 12thSlokha, edited by YadavajiTrivikrama Acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, New Delhi, 2014, page no. 338 AsthangaHridayam, Sareerasthana, 3rd chapter 12thslokha, edited by Pt. HarisadasivaShastriParasakara, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Prakashan, Varanasi, 2011, page no. 387

In the current era people are much more health conscious and make sincere efforts to retain and promote their health status and Ayurveda, the Indian science of life brings natures own reward for rejuvenation and revitalization. Rasayana is a distinctive branch of Ayurveda which mainly deals with the conservation and promotion of fitness and longevity by revitalizing the metabolism and enhancing resistance against diseases. Inclusion of Rasayana herbs in the management of certain life-style disorders such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, osteo-arthritis and obesity can play a crucial role. The lot of plants with Rasayana (Rejuvenative) properties possess diversified actions like immuno-enhancement, anti-oxidant, free-radical scavenging, adaptogenic or anti-stress, nutritive effects etc. These Rasayana herbs are mentioned in classical texts of Ayurveda mainly in various Nighantus (Ayurvedic Materia Medica). This ancient wisdom needs to be seen in the light of present day scientific information for effective application but we are still deficient in having quantitative records of Rasayana (Rejuvenative) plants which will serve as a ready reckoner for researchers as well as physicians. Thus it is necessary to assemble the quantitative scientific data from various Nighantus. This article aims to compile and quantify the Rejuvenative plants described in various Nighantus. Introduction We know that health is wealth. In this hectic, over-busy and contaminated world, our natural health, pleasure and internal sense of well-being are masked by the accumulation of impurities. These impurities or toxins causes worsening of normal body functioning and the quality of life as well as lifespan get affected. Rasayana is as an answer to solve this problem and achieve healthful longevity including mental development and resistance against diseases. Living the healthy life is the prime motto of this current era. Conservation of immunity, physical and psychological health is the way to attain the normal life span. Ayurveda, the 'science of life' deals with a preventive and curative measures for the well-being of creature.1 Ayurveda describes Rasayana herbs that are believed to re-establish and detoxify the body and mind, prevent degeneration and delay aging or rather reverse the aging process. From the Rasayana treatment, one attains longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from disorders, youthful age, excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, oratory, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, respectability and brilliance.2 The literally meaning of the word ‘Rasayana’ is the path that ‘Rasa’ takes (‘Rasa’: Fluid or plasma; Ayana: Path). According to Ayurveda the physical structure is composed of seven Dhatus starting from Rasa (Rasadi Dhatus) and Rasayana is the way to produce superior quality Dhatus (body tissues). The qualities of the ‘Rasadhatu’ have an effect on the health of other successesive Dhatus (tissues) of the body as these Dhatus develop sequentially and nourish further Dhatus. Hence the medicine that improves the quality of ‘Rasa’ should promote or strengthen the health of all tissues of the body. Rasayana herbs influence the fundamental aspect of the body viz. Dhatus, Agni and Srotasas and helps in the prevention of aging. Thus Rasayana is that process by which all the body tissues are nourished. The ideal quality that all Rasayana medicines have is the enrichment of Rasa (essence), leading in promotion of health and vigour of the tissues. As a result Rasayana helps in regeneration, revival and revitalization of Dhatus. References 1. Trikamji Y, editor. Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary. Edn 7, Sutrasthana 30/26. Chowkhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002, 187. 2. Trikamji Y, editor. Charak Samhita, Chikitsasthanam 1/7-8, Chaukhambha Orientalia Varanasi, 1998, 3-4. 3. Biren NS, Avinash SK. Pharmacognostic studies of the Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley. Int J Pharm Technol Res 2010; 2: 121-124. 4. Sharma PV, editor. Dhanvantari Nighantu. Edn 2. Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1998, Guduchyadi varga, 4, 16. 5. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 164, 46. 6. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 212, 55. 7. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 282, 68. 8. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 284, 68. 9. Ibid. Shatapushpadi varga, 74, 83. 10. Ibid. Karaviradi varga, 19, 124. 11. Ibid. Karaviradi varga, 85,136. 12. Ibid. Karaviradi varga, 88,137. 13. Ibid. Karaviradi varga, 102,139. 14. Ibid. Karaviradi varga, 133,145. 15. Ibid. Aamradi varga, 43, 156. 16. Pandit Ramprasad, editor. Madanpala Nighantu. Khemraj Shrikrishnadas, Shrivenketeshwar Press, 1990, Abhayadi varga, 22, 5. 17. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 39, 8. 18. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 52, 10. 19. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 62, 12. 20. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 86, 15. 21. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 169, 31. 22. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 174, 32. 23. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 178, 32. 24. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 180, 33. 25. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 187, 34. 26. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 219, 39. 27. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 235, 43. 28. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 238, 43. 29. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 249, 45. 30. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 250-251, 45. 31. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 256, 46. 32. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 261, 47. 33. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 269, 49. 34. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 277, 51. 35. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 286, 52. 36. Ibid. Abhayadi varga, 291, 61. 37. Ibid. Shunthyadi varga, 13, 66. 38. Ibid. Karpuradi varga, 47, 85. 39. Ibid. Karpuradi varga, 102, 95. 40. Ibid. Vatadi varga, 25, 113. 41. Ibid. Vatadi varga, 35, 114. 42. Ibid. Vatadi varga, 55, 118. 43. Ibid. Shaka varga, 76, 153. 44. Ibid. Shaka varga, 84, 155. 45. Ibid. Paniyadi varga, 158, 183. 46. Tripathi I, editor. Raj Nighantu. Edn 3. Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Guduchyadi varga, 13, 31. 47. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 47, 37. 48. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 55, 39. 49. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 63, 40. 50. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 108, 51. 51. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 111, 52. 52. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 141, 59. 53. Ibid. Shatahavadi varga, 43, 69. 54. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 52, 71. 55. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 73, 75. 56. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 122, 85. 57. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 132, 87. 58. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 133, 87. 59. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 141, 89. 60. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 147, 91. 61. Ibid. Shatahvadi varga, 165, 95. 62. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 21, 108. 63. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 49, 114. 64. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 61, 116. 65. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 70, 118. 66. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 76, 119. 67. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 80, 120. 68. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 99, 124. 69. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 113, 126. 70. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 122, 129. 71. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 124, 129. 72. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 136, 131. 73. Ibid. Parpatadi varga, 142, 133. 74. Ibid. Pippalyadi varga, 34, 140. 75. Ibid. Pippalyadi varga, 47, 143. 76. Ibid. Moolakadi varga, 33, 194. 77. Ibid. Moolakadi varga, 50, 197. 78. Ibid. Moolakadi varga, 88, 204. 79. Ibid. Moolakadi varga, 109, 207. 80. Ibid. Moolakadi varga, 117, 209. 81. Ibid. Moolakadi varga, 120, 210. 82. Ibid. Shalmalyadi varga, 13, 233. 83. Ibid. Shalmalyadi varga, 46, 240. 84. Ibid. Shalmalyadi varga, 124, 257. 85. Ibid. Karaviradi varga, 71, 310. 86. Ibid. Karaviradi varga, 181, 334. 87. Ibid. Aamradi varga, 94, 358. 88. Ibid. Aamradi varga, 158, 371. 89. Ibid. Aamradi varga, 216, 384. 90. Ibid. Chandanadi varga, 105, 416-417 91. Ibid. Chandanadi varga, 147, 426. 92. Ibid. Kshiradi varga, 114, 526. 93. Ibid. Shalyadi varga, 87, 545. 94. Sharma PV and Dr. Sharma Guruprasad, Editor. Kaiyadeva Nighantu. Edn 1. Chowkhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 1979, Oshadhi varga, 10, 5. 95. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 33, 9. 96. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 46, 12. 97. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 100, 22. 98. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 224, 45. 99. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 454, 83. 100. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 706, 131. 101. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 710, 131. 102. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 722, 133. 103. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 773, 142. 104. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 814, 151. 105. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 911, 168. 106. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1046, 193. 107. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1057-1058, 195. 108. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1063, 196. 109. 109 Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1066-1067, 197. 110. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1167, 215. 111. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1221-1222, 225. 112. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1418, 262. 113. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1496, 622. 114. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1508, 624 115. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1575, 637. 116. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1578, 637. 117. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1583-1584, 638. 118. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1698-1699, 641. 119. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1606, 642. 120. Ibid. Oshadhi varga, 1640, 648. 121. Ibid. Tail varga, 326, 378. 122. Gangasahay Pandey, editor. Chunekar KC, Commentator. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Edn 10. Chowkhamba Bharti Academy, Varanasi, 1995, Haritakyadi varga, 20, 5. 123. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 39, 10. 124. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 54, 15. 125. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 207, 123. 126. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 221-222, 131. 127. Ibid. Karpuradi varga, 38-39, 204. 128. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 7-8, 269. 129. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 17, 277. 130. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 33, 285. 131. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 51, 295. 132. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 179, 386. 133. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 182, 387. 134. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 183, 389. 135. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 186, 392. 136. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 190, 393. 137. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 230, 419. 138. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 241, 429. 139. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 247, 438. 140. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 257, 445. 141. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 270, 454. 142. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 280, 461. 143. Ibid. Pushpa varga, 56, 505. 144. Ibid. Vatadi varga, 21, 524. 145. Ibid. Vatadi varga, 55, 537. 146. Ibid. Shak varga, 41, 676 147. Ibid. Shak varga, 106, 699. 148. Lala Shaligramji Vaishy, Editor. Shaligram Nighantu. Khemraj Srikrishnadas Publication, Mumbai, 2004, Karpuradi varga, 24-27. 149. Ibid. Karpuradi varga, 62. 150. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 75-76. 151. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 81. 152. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 87. 153. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 88. 154. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 93. 155. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 94. 156. Ibid. Haritakyadi varga, 115. 157. Ibid. Ashtavarga, 162. 158. Ibid. Ashtavarga, 169. 159. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 188-189. 160. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 197-198. 161. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 205. 162. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 212. 163. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 212. 164. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 214. 165. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 222. 166. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 247. 167. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 270. 168. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 280. 169. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 288. 170. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 289. 171. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 290. 172. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 291, 292. 173. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 292. 174. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 293. 175. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 307. 176. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 311. 177. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 311. 178. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 316. 179. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 321. 180. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 322. 181. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 326. 182. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 326. 183. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 330, 331. 184. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 333. 185. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 335. 186. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 336. 187. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 337. 188. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 337. 189. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 338. 190. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 340. 191. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 342, 343. 192. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 343. 193. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 346. 194. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 349. 195. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 352. 196. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 353. 197. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 361. 198. Ibid. Guduchyadi varga, 361. 199. Ibid. Pushpa varga, 377. 200. Ibid. 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The flavonoids and phenols are very significant phytoconstituents having ability to play important role in control and prevention of tissues damage by activated by oxygen species. Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) was analysed for flavonidal compounds (FC) by usining absorbance of different concentration (20 to 100 µg/ml) in term of rutin and total phenolic compounds (TPC) was calculated in form of catechol equivalent. TLC study methanolic and petroleum ether corm extracts were conducted for quantification of flavonoids in mg per gram of Rutin equivalent determined from test extracts. The results indicated that, methanol exctracts of A. campanulatus (Roxb.) contain 88 mg/g of Rutin equivalent while, minimum amount of flavonoids was found in petroleum ether extract. Similarly, to calculate quantification of phenolic compounds from test extracts by using the absorbance of different concentration 0.5 to 2.5 µg/ml of Catechol as phenolic compound obtain from corm extracts of methanolic was 2.0 mg/g of Catechol equivalent. While, petroleum ether extract found to be 1.0 mg/ml. Introduction Today attention has been focused on such species which have reactive oxygens and free radicals are which play vital role in the genesis of varied diseases which are imflammation, cataract, liver cirrliosis, reperfusion injury, cancer and others (Halliwel et.al., 1994). The herbal drugs have such phytoconstituents are the gaining importance in the prevention and treatment of various organ toxicities due to xenobiotic challenges or environmental challenges. A. campanulatus (RoxB.) from family Araceae a tuberous, stout indigenous herb commonly known as elephant foot yam, suran, grown as vegetable is widely available (Ghani A.; 1998) and is reported to contain flavonoids (Shilpi J.A., et.al., 2005). In Ayurvedic System of Medicine, tubers of A. campanulatus (RoxB.) has been indicated in treating various above mentioned patho-physiological conditions due to Rective oxygens species (ROS) (Narayana Das Prajapati, et.al., 2004; Sivaraj V.V., 1994; Kirtikar K.R. et.al., 1987; Nadkarni K. M. et.al., 2000; Guha Bakshi D.N. et.al., 1999; Pullilah T., 2000). Tubers are reported in management of haemmrroids (Vastrad C.S., et.al) to have antiprotease activity (Pratibha S., et.al., 1995), antimicrobial activity (Alam Khan. et.al., 2008) and analgesic activity of its methanolic extract (Shilpi J. A. et.al., 2005). This exhaustive literature survey revealed that the tubers (corm) are not yet screened for its quantitative evaluation of Flavonoids and Total Phenolic contents of the extracts of the corm. Hence in the present study an attempt is made to standardize the corm of A. campanulatus (RoxB.) in terms of its Flavonoidal content and Total Phenolic content References 1. Alam Khan, Moizor Rahman, Islam M.S., Indian J Pharmacol, 2008, 40(1), 41. 2. Ghani A., Medicinal plants of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1998, 77. 3. Guha Bakshi D. N., Sensarma P., Pal D. C., A Lexicon off Medicinal Plants of India, Naya Prakash, Calcutta, India, 1999, 127. 4. Halliwell H., Lancet, 1994,344, 721. 5. Kirtikar K. R. and Basu B. D., Indian Medicinal Plants, Interantional Book Distributors, Dehradun, 1987, IV, 2609. 6. Nadkarni K. M. and Nadkarni A. K., Indian Material Medica, Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, 2000, 94. 7. Narayana Das Prajapati, Purohit, S.S., Arun K. Sharm, Tarun Kumar, A Hand Book of Medicinal Plants – A complete source book, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, 2004, 41. 8. Pratibha S., Nambison B., Leelamma S., Plant Food Alum Nutr., 1995, 40(1), 247. 9. Pullaiah T., Medicinal Plants of India, Regency publication, New Delhi, I, 2000, 49. 10. Shilpi J.A., Ray R. K., Sarder S. J., Vddin S. J., Fitotheropia, 2005, 76 (3-4), 367. 11. Shivraj V. V., Indira Balachandran, Ayurvedic Drugs and Their plant sources, Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta, 1994, 457. 12. The Wealth of India Raw Material, CSIR, New Delhi, 2003, 1 : A, 233. 13. Vastrad C.S., Pakkanavar R.V., Antiseptic, 99(9), 343.

Introduction References 1. Nancy Roper,(editor),Churchill Livingstone Pocket Medical Dictionary,14th Edition,p.271,New York 1987 2. Dr.O.P.Kapoor(editor),Kapoor’s Guide For General Practitioners for Respiratory illness, Chapter v p. 62,63,64,66,68 Reprint 2014,S.S.Publishers, Mumbai-6 3. Dr.Anantaram Sharma (editor), Sushruta Samhita Of Maharshi Sushruta.Nidansthan Chapter no 5 p.500,Volume I reprint 2008,Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan Varanasi.

The leaves of Cassia alata Linn. (Fabaceae) are famously used in Africa to treat dermatosis in traditional medicine. Many studies on C. alata have previously reported its antifungal and antibacterial activities that justify its medicinal uses. Traditionally, the leaves of C. alata are rubbed on affected body surfaces in order to treat skin infections. Drawing on this medicinal instruction, we have formulated a dermal ointment from the whole leaves of Cassia alata Linn. This was done in order to improve the traditional preparation used against dermal diseases. Some physicochemical characteristics of the formulation such as pH, phytochemical composition and chromatographic profile were studied. In comparison with the aqueous extract of C. alata leaves medicinal properties, gentamicin and ketoconazole discs were used as controls. The preliminary in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the formulated herbal ointment have been evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains. Overall, the herbal ointment demonstrated higher antifungal activity than antibacterial activity based on the zones of inhibition recorded for all the concentrations. The chromatographic fingerprints established and quantitative analyses conducted in this investigation are worth considering for the quality control of the herbal ointment formulated. Introduction References 1. Latha PS, Kannabiran K. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemicals of Solanum trilobatum Linn. Afr J Biotech 2006; 5 (23): 2402 –2404. 2. Nair R, Kalariya T, Chanda S. Antibacterial activity of some selected indian medicinal flora. Turkish Journal of Biology 2005; 29: 41–47. 3. Akinyemi KO, Coker AO, Bayagbon C, Oyefolu AOB, Akinside KA and Omonigbehin EO. Antibacterial screening of five Nigerian Medicinal Plants Against S.typhi and S. paratyphi. Journal of the Nigeria Infection Control Association 2000; 3:1-4. 4. Kalia AN. Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy. 1st edition 2000, CBS publishers and distributors 9. 5. Abubacker MN, Ramanathan R, Senthil Kumar T. In vitro antifungal activities of Cassia alata Linn. Flower extract. Natural product Radiance 2008, 7(I): 6-9. 6. Igoli JO, Ogaji OG, Igoli NP, Tor-Anyiin TA. Traditional medicinal practices among the Igede people of Nigeria (part II). Afri. J. Tradit. Compliment Altern. Med. 2005; 2(2): 134-152 7. Pieme CA, Penlap VN, Nkegoum B, Taziebou CL, Tekwu EM, Etoa FX, Ngongang J. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicities of aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb (Ceasalpiniaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology 2006; 5 (3): 283 – 289. 8. Chidumé FC, Gamaniel K, Amos S, Akah P, Obodozié O, Wambebe C. Pharmacological activity of the méthanolic extract of Cassia nigricans leaves. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2001 ; 33: 350-356 . 9. Abatan MO. A noteon the anti-inflammatory action of plants of some Cassia. Fitoterapia 1990; 61 (4) : 336 - 338. 10. Palanichamy S, Nagarajan S. Antifungal activity of Cassia alata leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 1990; 29: 337 – 340. 11. Alalor CA, Igwilo CI, Jeroh E. Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Cassia alata. J. Pharm. and Allied Health Sci. 2012; 2 (2): 40-46. 12. Timothy SY, Wazis CH, Adati RG, Maspalma ID. Antifungal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Cassia Alata Linn. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012 ; 2 (7) : 182 – 185. 13. Esimone CO, Nworu CS, Ekong US, Okereke, B. Evaluation of the antiseptic properties of Cassia alata-based herbal soap. Internet J Altern Med. 2008; 6(1). DOI: 10.5580/b0e 14. Makinde AA, Igoli JO, TA’Ama L, Shaibu SJ, Garba A. 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