Volume 6, Issue 5

Ancient Samhitas like Charaka Samhita, Sushurut Samhita, Harita Samhita, Samgraha granthas like Chakradatta, Yoga Ratnakar, Sharangdhar Samhita, Bhavprakash Vangasena; Nighantu Granthas viz. Dhanvantari Nighantu, Raj Nighantu, Nighantu Adrash, Shaligram Nighantu, Astanga Nighantu, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Bhavprakash Nighantu, had described Arjuna and its therapeutic uses in detail. In original scripture i.e. Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita the properties of Arjuna has been described as ruksha, laghu, kasaya, katu and sita. On comprehensive review of Charaka Samhita, one can see the large number of plant drugs are advocated to alleviate the various disorders. Arjuna is one of the drug of vegetable origin. The bark of Arjuna prescribed in various ailments as Udardaprasamana, Kusthaghna, Pramehaghana, Bhagnasandhnakara, Svitraghna, Krimighna, Medohara etc References 1. Chopra RN and Ghosh S. Indian Medical Gazette 1929;64: 70-73. 2. Emran A.A, Ahmed F, Kabir M.S., Rahaman M.M. and Shahed S.M., J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. 2011; 1(5): 90-95 3. Muthu C, Ayyanar Raja N, Ignacimuthu S. J of ethnobilology and Ethnomedicine 2006; 2:43. 4. Anonymous, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Part I, Volume VII, 1st Edition, 2008, New Delhi 5. Caraka Samhita, of Agnivesa, elaborated by Caraka and Dridhabala, Edited with„Caraka-Candrika‟ Hindi commentary along with special deliberation by Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, Chaukambha Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi, 3rd Edition 1994. 6. Susruta. SusurtaSamhita, Sutra Sthana. Susrutvimarshni Hindi commentary by Anantaram Sharma SubharatiPrakashana, Varanasi 2004. 7. Astanga Hridaya, of Vagbhatta, Edited with the Vidyotini Hindi commentary, by Kaviraja Atrideva Gupta, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 13th Edition, 2000. 8. Harita Samhita Editor Commentator Rama valamba Shastri Prachya Prakashan, Varanasi Ed. 1985. 9. akradatta with the 'Vaidayaprabha' Hindi commentry, by Indradeva Tripathi, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2nd Edition, 1994. 10. Gada nighra of Sri Vaidya Sodhala, with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary part II kayachikitsa khanda by Sri Indradeva Tripathi Edited by Sri Ganga Sahaya Pandeya Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2011 11. AcharyaSharangdhar, SharangdharSamhita Edited by ShriRadha Krishna Parashar, 3rdEdn. Baidhyanath Ayurveda Bhawan, Patna. 12. Bhava prakash of Sri Bhavamisra Edited Vidyotini Hindi Commentary,part II Chaukambha Publications, Edition 2011. 13. Yogaratnakara, with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, by Vaidya Laksmipati Shastri, Edited by Bhisagratna Brahmashankar Shastri; Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 7th edition, 1999. 14. Bhaiṣajya Ratnavali (by Govindadas), with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary (11th ed.) by Shastri A.D. by Shastri R.D; Chaukhambha Sanskrti Sansthan, Varanasi, 1993 15. Vahata.Astanga Nighantu, Edited by P.V.Sharma, 1st Edition, Kuppuswamy Shastri Research Institute, Madras, 1973; 12-13. 16. Kaiyadeva, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Edited by P.V.Sharma and Guruprasad Sharma, Aushadhi varga, Chaukambha Orientatia, Varanasi, 1st Edition, 1979; 180-181. 17. Bhavaprakasa Nighantu of Bhavamishra, Commentary by Krishnachandra Chunekar, Edited by Gangasahaya Pandey, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprint, 1999. 18. Shaligrama NighaÆÔu by Lala Saligram Ji Vaisya Printers and Publishers Khemraj Srikrishnadas Prop: Shri Venkateshwar Press Khemraj Sri Krishnadas Marg, 7th Khetwadi, Mumbai – 400004. 19. Nighantu Adarsha by Bapalala Vaidya; Chaukhambha Vaidya Bhavan, Varanasi 1st Ed. 1968. 20. Sharma PV, Priya Nighantu, Haritakyadi varga, Chaukambha Surabharati Prakashana, Varanasi, 2004; 27-28

Vasti Karma is a unique and broad spectrum therapeutic and preventive approach. A Lot of emphasis has been given in our classics on vasthi Karma . Neurological problem in Ayurveda described mainly in the context of vatavyadhi. Ayurvedic treatments for neurological disorders will aim to correct the vata imbalance and bring the vata dosha in harmony with Pitta and Kapha dosha so as to eliminate the disease. People worldwide are affected by neurological disorders. There are over 600 known neurological disorders and conditions that affect the human nervous system and for many of them treatment options are extremely limited. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of vasthi karma in neurological problems as a whole. In the present article, we have discussed certain important features of vasti karma. Recent advancement in Ayurvedic Clinical Research shows that so many incurable neurological problems can be successfully treated by Ayurvedic medicines and Panchakarma therapies.

Introduction Curculigo orchioides (Gaertn.) is a perennial herb with tuberous root system stock up to 10cm long; tubers are stout, short or elongate with copious fleshy root, leaves sessile or petiolate, flowers are bright yellow colored.1 The distribution is from tropical to sub-tropical regions in India, Nepal, China, Malaysia, and Japan.2 The herb is available for harvesting from Aug-Nov. over harvesting of the plant has resulted in the endangered status.2,3 It is considered to have rasayana, aphrodisiac, immune-stimulant, hepato-protective, anti-oxidant, anticancer and anti-diabetic activities.2,4,5 It is one of the major choices of many herbaceutical companies due to its high demand in the national and international market. But the market demand has led to an increased pressure on the natural resources. In general, developing market for natural products, particularly those that are harvested from the wild, can trigger a demand which cannot be met by available or legal supplies and demands a conservation initiative, so that the local inhabitant are not exploited, causing more damage to their resources. Many times population takes advantage of their resources and knowledge, which can often be for financial gain; conservation of medicinal plants in its bio-cultural perspective not only implies conservation of bio-diversity but also places an equal emphasis on conservation of cultural diversity.6 In Red Data Book of IUCN 215 threatened species native to India are mentioned. About 121 plant species of Himalayan region have also been recorded in it (Pandey H.K., Deendayal, Das S.C., Biodiversity: Life to our mother earth). Curculigo orchioides (Gaertn.) a variety of ‘Musali’ commonly known as “kali musali” in classical text is one of the vulnerable plant listed by IUCN. Studies conducted on wild habitat of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) illustrated that this plant appears to be vulnerable due to its limited dispersal range of seeds and propagules.6,7 Process of regeneration of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) is either by sexual propagation or by vegetative propagation. The relative proportion of population of offspring produced by sexual and vegetative propagation is determined by the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors (Ceplitis 2001).8 Though the role of genetic variation in selecting the mode of reproduction in C. orchioides (Gaertn.) is not known at present but some of the environmental factors such as high humidity and soil moisture appeared to favor bulbils formation from damaged leaves. This plant appears to be vulnerable due to its limited dispersal range of seeds and propagules. Plants with ant or gravity dispersed seeds are the most vulnerable to habitat degradation and fail to re-colonize during restoration (McLachlan & Bazely2001). Recolonization of such species would be possible only if they are actively reintroduced. Thus habitat degradation could be one of the important reasons for the declining natural population size of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) in India as suggested by Jasrai & Wala (2001).9 Poor seed setting, low regeneration potential through sexual reproduction, limited dispersal range of seeds and propagules, high incidence of viral and bacterial diseases, shrinking of natural habitat due to massive population growth and other developmental activities, deforestation, extensive denudation of forest floor, caused by wild and domestic animal grazing and collection of leaf litter, change in climate pattern and forest fire plays a very devastating role in destruction of herbal medicines like Musali. There is lack of agro-technologies like scientific method of conservation, collection, & cultivation, which is also a cause for depletion of musali in wild population leading to its vulnerable condition. There is reverse effect of moist-shady and dry-open habitats in the sexual and vegetative propagation of C. orchioides (Gaertn.). Sexual reproductive success was low at sites with high canopy cover (high shade and there by high relative humidity), where vegetative propagation rate from leaves was high. Opposite to this, vegetative propagation from leaves was nearly absent in the dry areas with low canopy cover, where sexual reproductive success was high.9,10 A detailed survey on C. orchioides (Gaertn.) should be carried out and detail information about its natural habitat, climate, soil, adaptability, growing, season, flowering time, seed setting stage should be generated. Accordingly conservation measures should be developed. Standard methods of cultivation i.e. agro-technology should be developed and farmers should be motivated for commercial scale cultivation of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) to meet the growing demand of herbal pharmaceuticals. Ban on collection of this in natural habitat, where it is in the state of extinct should be strictly materialized. After a gap of few years, when this plant species will multiply in sufficient quantity in its natural habitat, permission of scientific collection should be allowed. Training should be given regularly to the persons engaged in the collection of crude drugs from the natural resources. They should be trained for proper and scientific methods of collection, right time of collection of medicinally important plant parts without damaging whole plant. Collection of medicinal plants should be carried out scientifically, for example, only 70-80% of plants should be collected from the specific area, the rest should be kept intact for their future natural multiplication; otherwise the species will disappear from the particular area. Necessary research work should be carried out for optimum extraction of active ingredients from C. orchioides (Gaertn.) rhizome. People should be motivated to take immense pride in their natural heritage and actively participate in medicinal plants conservations programs by using different advertising media.7 Methods of propagation of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) in natural habitat Sexual reproduction from seeds b. Vegetative propagation from leaves Augustine AC, Souza LD, 1997, described a methodology of tissue culture for regeneration. Multiple shoots were obtained from the meristem tip culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (2.21µmol\l). The shoots were rooted either on half strength of MS basal medium or on the one supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.53µmol\l). In vitro plantlets were transferred to pots containing a mixture of vermiculite and soil (1:1) for acclimation for a period of two or three weeks. At the end of a 3 month period, averages of 125 plants were obtained from a single meristem.11,12,13 Next method for large-scale multiplication (Suri et al 1999) of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) through bulbil formation of leaf explants in shake flask culture reported that by using a method developed for Rapid multiplication through direct organogenesis and bulbil formation in vitro leaf and underground stem explants produced maximum number of shoots on 35 medium supplemented with 4.4µmol\l benzylaminopurine. Next is the method of rapid multiplication through somatic embryogenesis and bulbil formation directly from leaf explants, where an extract from in vitro cultures of C. orchioides (Gaertn.), grown as bulbils in shake flusk, afforded two new glycosides of substituted benzylbenzoate Curculigoside C and Curculigoside D together with known compounds Curculigoside A and Curculigoside B. Use of different elicitors viz. methyl jasmoric acid, salicyclic acid and ethephon influenced the production of Curculigosides contents of leaves in in-vitro plantlets culture maintained on MS medium containing BA and IBA 0.1mg\l each. Elicitation resulted in increased flux of phenolics and some new derivatives were produced.14,15 Reproductive success of this plant appeared to be determined by canopy and litter cover. Litter cover had significantly negative impact on the seedling density of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) (P=0.001), which is a common effect of litter accumulation on herbaceous species (Berendse 1999). The combined result of these two effects was the decline in the total density of this plant with increasing canopy. Reproductive success was high in plots with partially open canopy and accumulation of only thin layer of litter.16,17 Vegetative propagation in C. orchioides (Gaertn.) from leaves was the combined effect of mechanical damage, probably, high humidity and availability of adequate moisture in soil. High humidity slows down the drying rate of detached damage leaves and provides sufficient time for the development of plantlets. The indiscriminate damage to adult plants by animals might have induced regeneration capacity from leaf midrib. (Shrestha B.B., Jha P.K., Kandel D.R. 2011). Identification of the environmental condition essential for natural regeneration of C. orchioides (Gaertn.) from leaves can help to improve the technique of in-vitro micro-propagation at large scale.9 References 1. Govt. of India. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India, part 1, vol.5. Dept of AYUSH, New Delhi, 2008, 138-40. 2. Chauhan Nagendra Singh, Sharma Vikas, Thakur Mayank, Dixit Vinod Kumar. Curculigo orchioides: the black gold with numerous health benefits. Journal of Chinese integrative medicine. 2010, 8(7):613-23. 3. Levekar GS. Database on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda and Siddha, Vol.8. Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, New Delhi, 2007, 522-531. 4. Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda 7/158, 5th ed. Chaukhamba orientalia, Varanasi, 2002, 196. 5. Pandit Narahari. Raj Nighantu, Mulakadi Varga, 115-117, translated by Tripathi Indradeva. Krisnadasa Academy, Varanasi, 1982, 208-9. 6. Pandey HK, Deendayal, Das SC, Threatened medicinal plant biodiversity of western Himalaya and its conservation. Ministry of Defense. Defense research and development organization. Biodiversity: Life to our mother earth. p.281-95. 7. Sharma Ravindra. Agro-Techniques of Medicinal Plants. Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 2004, 168. 8. Augustine AC, Souza LD. 1997. Regeneration of an anti-carcinogenic herb, Curculigo orchioides (Gaertn.). in vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant; 33(2): 111-13. 9. Shrestha B.B., Jha P.K., Kandel D.R. 2011. Reproductive ecology and conservation prospective of a threatened medicinal plant Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. in Nepal. International society for tropical ecology.Tropical ecology 52(1) p.91-101. 10. Rao Ramanath V, Arora RK. 2004. Rational for conservation of medicinal plants. Medicinal Plants Research in Asia. International plant genetic resources institute. vol.1 p.13-23. 11. Suri SS, Jain S, Ramawat KG. 1999. Plantlet regeneration and bulbil formation in vitro from leaf and stem explants of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., an endangered medicinal plant. Sci Hortic. 79(1-2). p.127-34 12. Wala BB, Jassari YT. Micropropagation of an endangered medicinal plant Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Plant Tissue Cult. 2003, 13(1). p.13-19. 13. Parajapati, H.A., D.H. Patel, S.R. Mehta & R.B. Subramanian. 2003. Direct in vitro regeneration of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. An endangered anti-carcinogenic herb. Current science 84. p.747-49. 14. Suri SS, Arora DK, Sharma R, Ramawat KG. 1998. Rapid propagation through direct somatic embryogenesis and bulbil formation from leaf explants in curculigo orchioides. Indian J Exp Biol. 36(11). p.1130-35. 15. Suri SS, Arora DK, Ramawat KG. 2000. A method for large scale multiplication of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. through bulbil formation from leaf explants in shake flask culture. Indian J Exp Biol. 38(2). p.145-48. 16. Jasrai. Y,T & B Wala. 2001. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (Kali musli): an endangered medicinal herb. Pp.89-95. Inz; I.A. Khan & A. Khanum (eds.) Role of Biotechnology in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Vol. IV. Ukaaz Publication, Hyderabad, India. 17. Shrestha, B.B., S. Dall’Acqa, M. B. Gewali, P.K. Jha & G. Innocenti. 2008. Biology and phytochemistry of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. pp.50-60. In: P.K. Jha, S.B. Karmacharya, M.K. Chettri, C.B. Thapa & B.B. Shrestha (eds.) Medicinal Plants of Nepal: An Anthology of Contemporary Research. Ecological Society (ECOS), Kathmandu, Nepal.

The objective of this paper is to explain scientifically the fundamentals of Ayurveda Vata,Pitta and Kaph at nano level.Its diagnostic methodology for detecting a disease by sensing the flow of different energies in human body has been explained. The interatomic interactions of matter and energy in processing of Ayurvedic medicines have been indicated. References 1. Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia,Lexicon publication Inc.New York, Vol.-7,P-172-175 Vol.-2,P-304-307, Vol.-16,P-09-11 2. Charak Sanhita-Publication Chaukhambha,BhartiAcademy translated by Pt. .RajeshwaDutta Shastri. 3. Ashtang Hridayam of Bag Bhatta,Pt.Brahmanand Tripathi, translated by Prayag Dutta Tripathi. 4. Nadi Vigyan edited by Indradeo Tripathi. 5. Nadi vigyan edited by Prayag Datta Joshi. 6. Sarangdhar Samhita 7 Sarsangrah published by Vaidyanath Ayurved Bhawan

Food or Ahara is among the three significant pillars of ayurveda. Various types of viruddha ahara have been explained in ayurvedic samhita out of that Agni viruddha ahara plays major role in the process of disease formation. According to ayurveda Agni provides Bala (vitality), Varna (complexion), Arogya (good health), Oja (vital essence), and Teja (lusture) in the body. That Agni Viruddha Ahara is one of the major causes of Agnimandya which ultimately leads to formation of various diseases. One who has habituated to consume unwholesome food, such a recurrent intake of this unhealthy food will develop Amvisha (toxins) which leads to various diseases. Agni viruddha ahara or unwholesome food intake leads to hypo functioning agni specially Jathar Agni and thus likely to effect the functions of the other agni also. References 1. Charaka Samhita, Edited by Pt. Kashinath pandy, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprinted, Edition 2005, Sutrasthana Adhyaya, 11/34. 2. Global and Local: Food Safety around the World, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). Caroline Smith De Waal and Nadine Robert. 3. Charaka Samhita, Edited by Pt. Kashinath pandy, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprinted, Edition 2005, Vimansthan Adhyay, 8 4. Agnivesha . In: Charaka, Dridhabala, Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana, 26/81. Reprint. Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamaji Acharya., editor. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000. 5. Charaka S, Sashtri Kashinath, Pt, Chaturvedi Gorakhnath., Dr. Ibid verse 15/4. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Bharti Academy; 2004. Chikitsanthana, 15/3 6. Charaka S, Sashtri Kashinath, Pt, Chaturvedi Gorakhnath., Dr. Ibid verse 15/4. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Bharti Academy; 2004.Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana, 26/84 7. Charaka Samhita, Edited by Pt. Kashinath pandy, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprinted, Edition 2005, Vimansthan Adhyay, 6 8. Shrimad vruddhavagbhatvirachit Ashtangsamgraha, edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office, Sutrasthan Adhyaya 13/23 9. Charaka Samhita, Edited by Pt. Kashinath pandy, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprinted, Edition 2005, Nidansthan Adhyaya, 4 10. Shrimad vruddhavagbhatvirachit Ashtangsamgraha, edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office, Sutrasthan Adhyaya 13/26 11. Comprehensive review of gramya ahara by Gahunge Pankaj, Shinde Ashashri, kashikar vidyadish; international research journal of pharmacy ISSN 2230-8407 2012 12. Ayuredic aspect of Bacteria and bacterial food poisoning by Savita saini, Sharad Porte; IJPSR ISSN E-0975-8232 Vol. 6 2015 13. Concept of Ahara in Ayurveda: Acritical review by Amit Gupta, Rachana Agrawal, M S Meena; Ayushdhara, ISSN 2393-9583 Vol. 2 April 2015 14. Food Combining by Vd. Vasant Lad; Ayurvedic cooking for self healing Concept of Agni-An Ayurvedic Review by Durgesh gupta, A.C. Kar; IAMJ ISSN 2320 5091 Vol. 3 October 2015

Marma Sharira is a special feature of Ayurvedic Sharira. Sushruta has described Marma Sharira at certain depth. The word Marma (vital area) is found for the first time described in the Hindu Scripture Atharva Veda. During the Vedic period, knowledge of the vital areas of the human body was important part of military science. The knowledge was applied in war, medicine and surgery. The science of Marma was developed by the physician and surgeons of Vedic period to prevent death, treat people suffering from trauma and to attach the enemy1. The therapeutic knowledge and manipulations of the Prana and its channels which is situated at Marma are not given the importance in Ayurvedic classics as otherwise seen in Chinese medicine. However, there are some narrations in Ayurvedic books which indicate the fact of above said nations as follow: The effect of massage and medicines applied to the foot sole are carried or nourished to the eye by special Siras, therefore one willing to get good eyesight and health should protect the sole2. Urdhwajarugata bhaga of the body having so many Marma which is very important anatomical sites because injury to this part may be lethal for the body and sensory organs. References 1. Internet www.ayushveda.com Marma in ayirveda 2. Vagbhatta , Astanga Hridya, Vidhotani Bhashayateeka Sampadaka Vaidya Vadunanadan Upadhyay Chaukhamba publication year 2003 page no 506 Uttara Tantra 16/66-67 3. Internet www.goaayurvedic.com ayurveda Marma massage 4. Vagbhatta, Astanga Hridya, Vidhotani Bhashayateeka Sampadaka Vaidya Vadunanadan Upadhyay Chaukhamba publication year 2003 page no 506 Uttara Tantra 5/63-65 5. Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Ayurvedatatvasandipika Purvardha by Kaviraj Ambikadutta Shashtri year 2003 Sharira Sthana 6 page 50-56 6. Vagbhatta, Astanga Hridya, Vidhotani Bhashayateeka Sampadaka Vaidya Vadunanadan Upadhyay Chaukhamba publication year 2003 Sharirstana -4/26/27 7. Bhargava K B ENT diseases 7th edition 2007 page no-316 8. Acharya S H Marma Vigyana first edition 9. Acharya A H Marma Vigyana first edition 10. Chaurasia BD anatomy3rd edition 2000 back of neck section 11. Bhargava K B ent diseases 7th edition 2007 page no 197 12. Internet www.medicinenet.com epilepsy causes

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects about 10% of the adult population and 70% are women. It is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The wall of the intestine exhibits rhythmic contractions called the peristaltic movements, which helps move the contents in the tract. In IBS, the walls of the intestine become sensitized to even mild stimulus which causes excess cramps. In Ayurveda; IBS is called GRAHANI DOSHA, which indicates the pathological state of function and integrity of the intestinal tract (mostly small intestine), known as GRAHANI. It is considered as one among the eight MAHA GADHAS (Diseases, which are difficult to treat)Grahani, is the part of Maha Srotas (Alimentary Tract) which is the seat of digestive fire (Agni) and holds the food until it is digested and releases it. Charaka Samhita describes that imbalance in the Agni is the root cause of this disease. This incorrect digestive fire causes accumulation of Ama or toxin and weakens the digestive system. Though there is no reliable medical treatment for IBS in modern medicine. So, to overcome by such disease, ayurveda has a complete solution.In present study, 30 patients have been taken from opd and given Nagkesar churna orally along with Pranayam daily for a period of 3 months. Significant improvemt in Lakshanas of grahani has been observed. References 1. Madhava Nidanam- Madhukosha comm. With Hindi Vidyotini Comm. By S. Shastri. Vol. I & II, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthanan, Varanasi. 2.Charak Samhita-Edited by Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi.Year 2007 edition Chaukhamba Surbharti.Surbharti Prakashan,Varanasi. 3. Ashtang Hriday Samhita-Edited by Dr.Brahmanand TripathiYear 2006 edition Chaukhamba Prakashan,Varanasi. 4.Sushrut Samhita-Edited by Kaviraj Ambikadutta Shastri.Year 2007 edition Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan,Varanasi.

Wounds related to Fistula in ano are difficult problem that surgeons have struggled with since the time of Hippocrates.Practically management of Fistulectomy wound is challenging and demands special attention.Wound healing is a natural process but factors like slough,infection and foreign body affect the normal process of healing.The developing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics proportionally demands the need of new antibiotics.A simple wound turns highly septic while showing negligible effect to strongest antibiotics at times.Time tested safe compounds explained in Ayurvedic texts are the highlights of Ayurvedic medicine when it comes to wound healing. Due to moist anal region,continuous post-operative discharge from wound and daily bowel habit the wound get recurrently soiled and infected.Ultimately results into delayed and impaired wound healing.Thus post Fistulectomy wound management is very necessary for uncomplicated Post fistulectomy wound healing. After referring the Ayurvedic texts we observed that Yashtimadhu Ghrita and Tiktaadi Ghrita has Vrana Ropana, Dahashamana, Vata Pitta shaman, Vedanashamana properties which can help the Fistula(Vrana) to heal rapidly.Tiktadi Ghrita has property of Krumighna, Puya nashak, Kandunashak. Yashtimadhu is considered as best drug for Vrana Ropan (wound) and it has analgesic property also. In both products base is Ghrita which itself has Samskara Anuvarti, analgesic and healing properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare local effect of Yashtimadhu Ghrita and Tiktaadi Ghrita in management of post-operative fistulectomy.The symptoms which were assessed during study are Pain, Bleeding, Itching and Size of Ulcer. The Results revealed that Statistically Yashtimadhu Ghrita and Tiktaadi Ghrita both are effective in conservative management of Fistula in ano but Yashtimadhu ghrita per rectal local application is more effective remedy for management of pain, bleeding, itching and for healing of ulcer when compared to Tiktaadi Ghrita. Introduction Vrana means a condition which leads to discolouration of skin. Vranayati eti Vrana, vranayati vaivarnya karoti. The wounds and their managements are fundamental in elective surgery. It is through wound that assess is obtained to deal with underlying pathology. Wounds related to Fistula in ano are a difficult problem that surgeons have struggled with since times of Hippocrates. Practically management of Fistulectomy wound is challenging and demands special attention. So further efforts are taken for post op Fistulectomy wound management using Herbal preparations. References 1. Baileys & Loves Short Practice Of Surgery 24th edition Chapter 72 pageno 1253,1254. 2. Concise Text book Of Surgery 4th Edition S.Das Chapter no 54 Rectum & Anal canal Treatment of Fistula in Ano- page no 1084. 3. Concise Text book Of Surgery 4th Edition S.Das Chapter no 54 Rectum & Anal canal Treatment of Fistula in Ano- page no 1085 4. Concise Text book Of Surgery 4th Edition S.Das Chapter no 54 Rectum & Anal canal- Treatment of Fistula inAno & complications- page no 1086. 5. Dravyaguna Vijnyan [ayurvedic medicinal plants] part 1 & 2 by Dr.A.P.Deshpande- Subhash Ranade, Anmol Prakashan, Pune, pg no. 349-352. 6. Kaiyadeva Nighantu, edited and translated by Prof P V Sharma, Choukhamba oriental, 1st edition,pp696, pg 368. 7. Sushrut Samhita Chikitsastan-Dr.Anantramram Sharma Vol 2- Chikitsastan, chp 31 Snehopayogik chikitsa adhyay. Shlok no 8- Page no 408 8. Abhinav Bhaishajya Kalpana Vidnyan,chapter Vividh kalpana, pg.no.302 9. Sushrut Samhita Sutrasthan-Dr.Anantramram Sharma Vol 1- Chp 5, Shlok no 42- Page no 44 10. Sushrut Samhita Chikitsastan-Dr.Anantramram Sharma Vol 2- Chikitsastan, Vaman virechan vyapad Adhyay Shlok no 16- Page no 439 11. Oprative surgery, 5th Edition, S.Das 2007 Calcutta,chapter no 32,page no 408. 12. Kashyapa samhita- text with English translation and commentary by p v tewari chapter 13. no -2 sloka- 1 page no- 163. 13. Sushruta samhita chikitsasthan Dr.Anantramram Sharma Vol 2- chp.36 shloka no. 36-37 pg no. 454 14. Kashyap samhita- text with English translation and commentary by p v tewari kilasthan chp.14 shloka no 15. Sindhav vijayasinha. V – Role of yastimadhvadi Ghrita in the management of Fistula in anow.s.r Fistula-in-ano.Jamnagar: Gujarat Ayurvedic University;2001. 16. Dr.Shindhe Anatakumar. Comparative study of Yastimadhu tail in the management of Fistula in ano, S.D.M College of Ayurveda Kuthpady Udapi-2008 1.

World today has lot more psychological problem than physical suffering. In fact it can be said that not only diagnosed psychiatric patients but every human being who is running for survival is facing some kind of mental or psychological disturbances. Nearly 1/4 th of all the patients who seek treatment are said to be present with psychological problems. About 15% patients require immediate psychiatric help. Therefore it was decided to launch a clinical trial on a group of which could be safe, effective, cheap and easy for the management of mental diseases, and help to maintain mental health. For this purpose following procedures may be suggested to control the growing of stress disorders: Aradhana. 30 clinically diagnosed patients of Anxiety and Depression each were treated with Aradhana alone for 2months. On the basis of the description available in various treatises of Ayurveda, it can be concluded that there is very close correlation of Ayurveda with Spirituality along with pathogenesis of various diseases particularly Manas Roga(Mental Illness) and a combined approach delivers much better results.. References 1. Sushrut samhita sutrasthanam, Doshdhatumaalchhayavriddhivigyaniya adhaya 15/48. Kaviraaj ambikadutta shastri, reprint 2005, Chaukhamba sanskrit publication, Varanasi. 2. Charak samhita, Shutra sthana, Dirghyajivitiya adhaya 1/46. Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi,Vol-1 edition 2012 Chaukhamba surbharti publication, Varanasi 3. Charak samhita, charaka-chandrika hindi commentary Nidan sthana, Unmaadnidaan adhaya 7/4. Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi,Vol-1 edition 2012 Chaukhamba surbharti publication, Varanasi. 4. Charak samhita, Chikitsa sthana, Unmaadchikitsiya adhaya 9/79. Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi,Vol-1 edition 2012 Chaukhamba surbharti publication, Varanasi. 5. Vachaspatyam, by Sri TaranathaTarakvachaspati ChaukhambhaSanskritSeries, Varanasi,1970.Vol. V , Page no.4933. 6. Charak samhita, Nidana sthana, Unmaadnidaan purush adhaya 7/4.. Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi,Vol-1 edition 2012 Chaukhamba surbharti publication, Varanasi. 7. Charak samhita, Chikitsa sthana, Aatisaarchikitsa adhaya 19/12. Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi,Vol-1 edition 2012 Chaukhamba surbharti publication, Varanasi. 8. Charak samhita, Sutra sthana, Trieshaniya adhaya 11/54. Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi,Vol-1 edition 2012 Chaukhamba surbharti publication, Varanasi.

Introduction According to Ayurvediya shabdakosha the word avarana means avarodha gatinirodha ie. obstruction or resistance or friction to the normal gati of vata. Vata dosha is the gatyatmak dravya within the sharir. Hence its normal gati is hampered or vitiated thus vata becomes avrita. References

Introduction- Nidra is one among the “ Trayopasthambha”. Vata and Pitta are the Pradhana Doshas contributing to Anidra. Aswapna is included in Vataja Nanatmaja Vikaras where quantity of Nidra is reduced. Aim- To study Anidra with special reference to Essential Hypertension as a stress disorder Objectives- 1. To study the Anidra in relation to Essential hypertension. 2.To assess the lakshanas(Symptoms) associated with Anidra. Methodology- Study design- Descriptive observational study. Total 30 patients of either sex between the age group of 35 to 60 years were selected randomly for the study. Results- Symptoms like Jrimbha (Yawing) and Tandra (Drowsiness) were found in maximum (36.66 %) patients while Smritidourbalya, Manodourbalya, Glani, Shirashoola and Malabaddhata were the least common (6.66 %) symptoms associated with Anidra.. Discussion- Total of 14 (46.66 %) subjects were having raja pradhan manas prakriti suggesting its prime role in causing hypertension. Jrimbha and Tandra were found in maximum (36.66 %) patients., while Smritidourbaly, Manodourbalya, Glani, Shirashoola and Malabaddhata were the least common (6.66 %) symptoms associated with Anidra. Conclusion- Jrimbha, Tandra, Arati, Manodourbalya and Ajirna were the most common symptoms found in patients suffered from Anidra (Insomnia). References 1. Acharya YT. Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta.Varanasi:Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2011. p74 2. Shastry Ambikadutta. Susruta Samhita with Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika commentry. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2012.p44-46 3. Acharya YT. Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta.Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia ; 2011.p113 4. Upadhyaya Yadunandan. Astanga Hrudaya with Vidyothini hindi Commentry. 14th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2003. p96 5. Kanika wadhaw, Kshiteeja choudhary, Santosh kumar Bhatted Classical ayurvedic management of insomnia (Ambien) (anidra) – a case study, Jour. of Ayurveda & Holistic Medicine Volume-IV, Issue-I, Pg 37-41. 6. Insomnia rampant in third world countries: Study. http:/www.Health.india.com (accessed 4 March 2013). 7. Acharya Agnivesa, Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana, English Translation By R. K Sharma & Bhagavan Dash, 6th Edition, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1997, Ch-11 & 20, P. 219 & 363. 8. Acharya Agnivesa, Charka Samhita With Ayurveda Deepika Commentary Of 9. Chakrapanidatta Edited Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya Edited, Published Chaukhamba Surabharti Prakasana Varanasi Reprint 2008 Sutra Sthana 20/11 Pg 113. 10. Sushruta Samhita, Nibandha Sangraha Commentary of Dalhana Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya Edited, Published Chowkamba Surabharti Prakasana Varanasi Reprint 2008 Ch-4/43 P. 359. 11. Davidson, International edition of 17th edition, Principal and Practice of medicine, Churchill Livingstone, Great Britain by BPC Paultonbooks Limited, Reprinted twice 1996. p266,272. 12. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005; 365:217‑ 13. Mridul Ranajan, Pankaj Pathak, Awantika Jaiswal, Suman. Effect of shirodhara on different vital parameters. An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Science Monitor 6(3), Jul-Sep 2015, 16-20 14. The ICD-10 classification of Mental & Behavioural Disorders. http://www.who.int (accessed 28 July 2016). 15. ISH (International Society of Hypertension, Joint National Committee- INC VII). 1.

Before temples were constructed, trees were open-air shrines sheltering the deity, and many were symbolic of the Gods. Traditionally used plants of India express out the socio-cultural roots of various plants found in the Indian subcontinent, not only telling us their medicinal values but also asserting their ecological importance to our survival. Furthermore, these plants were considered as sacred due to their medicinal, aesthetic and natural qualities. Thus, our ancestors linked various God and Goddess with several plants for their conservation and categorized them as sacred plants. These ancient beliefs reveal that the human relation with plants was also helpful in the conservation of plant species for their valuable qualities. The use of these plants continues in our customs till date but we eventually lost the knowledge of the scientific facts behind them. Present article draws attention on plants both mythologically and botanically and the ancient religious traditions of India to assemble a detailed and account of India’s fascinating flora. References 1. Badoni A & Badoni K (2001) Ethnobotanical heritage. In: Kandari OP & Gusain (eds) Garhwal Himalaya: Nature, Culture and Society. Trans Media Srinagar (Garhwal). pp. 125–147. 2. Pandey D & Pandey VC (2016) Sacred plants from ancient to modern era: Traditional worshipping towards plants conservation. Tropical Plant Research 3(1): 136–141 3. Pandey D & Pandey VC (2016) Sacred plants from ancient to modern era: Traditional worshipping towards plants conservation. Tropical Plant Research 3(1): 136–141 4. Gadgil M & Rao S (1998) Nurturing Biodiversy an Indian Agenda. Center for Environemnt Education, Ahmadabad, 157 p. 5. Ghate, V.S. (1998). Plant in patra pooja notes on their identification and utilization. Ethnobotany, 10:6-15. 6. Robinson C & Cush D (1997) The Sacred Cow: Hinduism and ecology. Journal of Beliefs & Values: Studies in Religion & Education 18(1): 25–37. 7. Brahmanand Tripathi. Charaka Samhita: Sutra Sthana 27/138, Annapanavidhi Adhyaya. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan; reprint 2008. p.517. 8. Sharma PC, Yelne MB, Dennis TJ. Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda, Vol.III. New Delhi: C.C.R.A.S., Dept. of I.S.M. & H., Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India; reprint 2002. 9. Kumari DBS & Charantimath A (2011) Sacred plants- their role in religion and uses in health care system of Savangere district. The Socioscan 3(1&2): 1–4. 10. Rani B, Singh U, Sharma R, Gupta A, Dhawan NG, Sharma AK, Sharma S & Maheshwari RK. Prosopis cineraria (L) Druce: a desert tree to brace livelihood in Rajasthan. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care 2013; 5: 58–64. 1.