Volume 6, Issue 3

Context: Due to ignorance towards dietetic, seasonal and daily regimen, these days people are more prone to various kinds of skin disorders. Eczema (Vicharchika) is the most common skin disorders.Presently, the potent topical or systemic corticosteroids and anti-histaminics are the main stay in this condition however; they have serious adverse effects and have limitations for a long term therapy. Hence, there is a need for drugs having good efficacy with low toxic profile in this debilitating disorder. A number of indigenous drugs have been claimed to be effective in the treatment of Vicharchika (Eczema).Aragwadhapatra(Cassia fistula leaves)Lepa, is one such preparation which has been prepared from the Ayurvedictext. Aim& Objective:Conceptual & Clinical study on Vicharchika (Eczema)& to evaluate the efficacy of Aragwadha patra Lepa.Methods and Material: 30 registeredpatients of eczemafrom the OPD/IPD department of Kayachikitsa, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipurand treated with Aragwadhapatra Lepaonce in a day on the lesion of Vicharchika (Eczema) for 15 days.Study Design- Single centered; Open label, clinical trial using pre and post-test design. Results:In this study significant results were obtained inKandu(Pruritis), Daha(Burning), Srava(Oozing),Rukshata(Dryness), Pidikotpatti (eruption), Vaivaranyata(Discoloration), & EASI score, without any adverse effects. In this study complete remission (37.5%), major improvement(33.3%), moderate improvement (16.6%),) minor improvement (8.3%), and no improvement (4.1%) was observed.Conclusions: Therapy in the form of Aragwadhapatra Lepaare safe and effective inthe management of Vicharchika (Eczema). 1. References 1. 1. Agnivesha,Charaka Samhita, revised by Charaka & Dridhabala with Elaborated vidyotini hindi commentary by Pt. Kashinath shastri Dr.Gorakhanath chaturvediEdition 2009 Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Chikitsasthana 7/26pg no. 252. 2. Vagbhata, Astanga Hridayam Edited with the vidyotini hindi commentary by atrideva gupta edited by Vaidya Yadunandana Upadhyaya, edition 2012 chaukhambha prakashana, Varanasi, ,Nidanasthana 14/18 pg no. 370 3. Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita,Edited with ayurveda tatva sandipika by Kaviraja Ambikadutt shastri, edition 2011 Chaukamba Sanskrit samsthana,Varanasi Nidanasthana 5/5 pg no.322. 4. YP munjal,API Textbook of medicine, 9th Edition, Edited by: SK Sharma, AK Agarwal Vol 1 page no. 480 5. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology, 8th edition. Edited by DA Burns, SM Breathnach, NH Cox and CEM Griffiths.chapter 23 page no. 212 6. Agnivesha,Charaka Samhita, revised by Charaka & Dridabala with Elaborated vidyotini hindi commentary by Pt. Kashinath shastri Dr.Gorakhanath chaturvediEdition 2009 Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Sutrasthana 3/17 pg no. 61. 7. Hanifin JM, et al, The Eczema area and severity index (EASI): assessment of reliability in atopic dermatitis. EASI Evaluator Group. Exp Dermatol. 2001 Feb; 10(1):11-8. 8. A.V. Rawlings et al, Effect of lactic acid isomers on keratinocyte ceramide synthesis, stratum corneum lipid levels and stratum corneum barrier function, Arch Dermatol Res (1996) 288 : 383–390 9. Chinnasamy Kalaiyarasi,et al, In vitro anti-oxidant activity of various solvent fractions of Cassia fistula L. pods Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2014; 3(4): 73-76 10. Theeshan Bahorun et al, Phytochemical constituents of Cassia fistula, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (13), pp. 1530-1540, December 200511. Nayan R. Bhalodia and V. J. Shukla , antibacterial and antifungal activity from leaf extract of Cassia fistula ; An ethnomedicinal plant, Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011 Apr-Jun; 2(2): 104–109. 12. Sushma Kainsa, Praveen Kumar and Poonam Rani, 2012. Pharmacological Potentials of Cassia auriculata and Cassia fistula Plants: A Review. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15: 408-417 13. Shivjeet Singh, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Ashutosh YadavDepartment of Pharmacology Babu Banarasi Das University Lucknow (UP) A Review on Cassia species: Pharmacological, Traditional and Medicinal A spects in Various CountriesAJPCT 1[3] [2013] 291-312

The main aim of the present work is to prepare, evaluate and compare Lab Made Herbal toothpaste with commercial Herbal toothpastes. In the present study, commercial Herbal toothpastes such as Himalaya, Meswak and Dent county have been evaluated for their quality. All the marketed Herbal tooth pastes and Lab Made Herbal toothpaste which had been evaluated complied with the standards specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The formulations were subjected to various evalution tests like pH, Spreadability, abrasiveness, foaming ability, cleaning ability, fineness, moisture and volatile content, tube inertness,Test for F-, Pb, As, and stability studies. All the Results of evaluating parameters showed that Labmade formulation is comparatively equal and rarely better in terms of results than marketed formulation. Hence the selected Labmade formulation was found to be of good quality. 1. References 1. 1. Davies R, Scully C, Preston A.J. Dentifrices- an update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15 (6): 976-82. 2. Ersoy, M; Tanalp, J; Ozel, E; Cengizlier, R; Soyman, M; The allergy of toothpaste: a case report. AllergoletImmunopathol,2008, 36(6),368-70. 3. Jardim, J; Alves, L; Maltz, M. The history and global market of oral home-care products.Braz Oral Res, 2009, 23,(1),17-22. 4. The History of Toothpaste and Toothbrushes. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on April 4, 2013. 5. Madhumitha Mazumdar, Makali, Chandrika Mahendra, Prahlad S Patki., Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Complete Care Herbal Toothpaste in Controlling Dental Plaque, Gingival Bleeding and Periodontal Diseases., J Homeop Ayurv Med,2013, 2(2),1000124. 6. VidyaNamdeoDange; Magdum, C.S; Mohite, S.K; Nitlikar, M;Review On Oral Care Product: 45.Sachin patil,formulation of toothpaste from various and extracts of tender twigs of neem, J of Pharm Res,2008 1(2),148-152. 7. Bipul Biswas, Kimberly Rogers, Fredrick Mc Laughlin, Dwayne Daniels and Anand Yadav,Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) of Two Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria, International Journal of Microbiology,2013,1,1-7. 8. Abirami CP, Venugopal PV. In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of toothpastes. J Mycol Med.2005,15,247-249.

In Ayurveda, all skin diseases can be included under the term Kustha. The word Kustha means which cause skin look ugly. The etiological factors of skin diseases can be classified as Aharaja(diet) , Viharaja(regimen), Kulaja(familial), Vyapanna ritu krita (abnormal seasonal variation), Sadvritta apalana(disobey the code of conduct) etc. Though all etiological factors contributes important role in the manifestation of Kustha but Aaharaja Nidan (dietetic cause) are more important among them. As Ayurveda emphasized Panchakarma therapy except Vasti (enema) is the first line of treatment to treat the skin diseases. Not only Panchakarma is curative but also it checks the further progression. It is proved that Panchakarma therapy is beneficial to maintain gut physiology. Many disorders of the alimentary tract have dermatologic manifestations. A thorough understanding of the cutaneous and gastrointestinal (GI) relationship can alert the astute clinician to occult disease within the GI tract and vice versa. This review attempts to assess dietary factors and their interaction in skin diseases and their potential benefits is reviled. 1. References 1. 1. Glynn Michael, Drake William, editors. Hutchison’s clinical methods. 23rd edition. China: Saunders Elsevier publication; 2012, p-333. 2. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita.7th edition. Vol-2, Nidansthan 5\4, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office, 2015. P-69. 3. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita, 7th edition. Vol -2, Nidansthan5\3, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office, 2015.p-67. 4. Sharma Priyavrat, editor. Ayurveda Tatva Sandeepika, 2nd edition .Sutrasthan -33\4-5, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan ; 1989, p-126. 5. Burns Tony, Stephen Breathnach, Griffiths Christopher, editors. Rook’s text book of dermatology. 8th edition.vol-1, UK: wiley-blackwell-a john wiley and sons ltd publication; 2010.p-55. 6. Shukla Vidyadhar, Tripathi Ravi Dutt, editiors. Caraka samhita. 4th edition, Vol-1, Vimansthan1\21, Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit pratisthan; 2006. p.554. 7. Shukla Vidyadhar, Tripathi Ravi Dutt,editiors. Carakasamhita. 4th edition, Vol-2, Chikitsasthan7\4, Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit pratisthan; 2006. p.181. 8. Shukla Vidyadhar, Tripathi Ravi Dutt, editiors. Caraka samhita. 4th edition, Vol-1, Chikitsasthan7\4, Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit pratisthan; 2006. p.319. 9. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita. 7th edition Vol-2, Nidansthan5\6, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015.p-71. 10. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita. 7th edition, Vol-3, Chikitsasthan 7\6, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015.p-319. 11. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita. 7th edition .Vol-2, Nidansthan 5\6, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015.p-71. 12. Murthy Srikantha K.R, editor.Ashtanga Hridaya. 9th Edition, vol-1, Sutrasthan 10\11-13, Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2013.p-145. 13. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita. 7th edition, Vol-2, Vimansthan 5\13, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015. P-178. 14. Murthy Srikantha K.R, editor. Ashtanga Hridaya. 9th edition, vol-1, Sutrasthan 15\29-32, Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2013. P-61. 15. Murthy Srikantha K.R, editor. Ashtanga Hridaya. 9th edition, vol-1, Sutrasthan 5\47 Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2013.p-64. 16. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita. 7th edition, Vol-2 Sutrasthan 26\72. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015.p-506. 17. Murthy Srikantha K.R, editor. Ashtanga Hridaya. 9th edition,vol -1,Sutrasthan 6\67 Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2013.p-88. 18. Murthy Srikantha K.R, editor. Ashtanga Hridaya. 9th Edition, vol-1, Sutrasthan 6\21, Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2013. P-78. 19. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita.7th edition, Vol-1, Sutrasthan5\11, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015. P-109. 20. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita. 7th edition, Vol-1, Sutrasthan 26\82-84, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015.p-482-484. 21. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors. Caraka Samhita. 7th edition, Vol-1, Sutrasthan 26\102-103, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015. P-488. 22. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors, Caraka Samhita. 7th edition, Vol-1, Sutrasthan 27\309, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015.p-555. 23. Sharma R.K and Dash Bhagawan, editors.Caraka Samhita.7th edition, Vol-1, Sutrasthan 27\8-18, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit series office; 2015.p-494-497.

Dristi means vision .vision possible through the eyes , the windows to this beautiful world . Opthalmology has been now became so advance in technology that helps the doctors in good diagnosis and hence treatment .In ayurveda our ancient scientists had also so keen observation and experience that we can solely rely on their principles and and carry on forward to uplift the present science . Regarding drishtigata roga , in ayurveda there has been controversy in its terminologies and hence confusion regarding anatomy,etiology and pathogenesis of all ocular diseases mentioned in Ayurveda so here we are going through possible mechanics of drishtigata rogas that helps us in better understanding of the disease.basicaly the major etiology is nidan sevan ,indulgence in causative factors regarding particular diseases and hence creating the vicious cycle of disease pathology on going through its anatomical structures and each unit of that participate in its pathology .All this go through body channels and depending on cause may manifest s local or a part of eye disease or invoving whole structure of eye . 1. References 1. 1. Susruta samhita uttartantra 1/16 nibandhsanghraha commentary by dalhanaacharaya,editor Varanasi chaukhambha subharti prakashan reprint 2012,page no,.597. 2. Susruta samhita uttartantra 7/3,4 nibandhsanghraha commentary by dalhanaacharaya,editor Varanasi chaukhambha subharti prakashan reprint 2012,page no,.697. 3. Susruta samhita uttartantra 7/17 nibandhsanghraha commentary by dalhanaacharaya,editor Varanasi chaukhambha subharti prakashan reprint 2012,page818. 4. Astanga hridya by vaghbhata , commentary by arundatta ,edited by harishashtri,chaukhamba orientalia ,Varanasi,seventh edition ,1982.as hr -12/32,page,no,817. 5. Astanga hridya by vaghbhata , commentary by arundatta ,edited by harishashtri,chaukhamba orientalia ,Varanasi,seventh edition ,1982.as hr -13/1, page no.818. 6. Astanga hridya by vaghbhata , commentary by arundatta ,edited by harishashtri,chaukhamba orientalia ,Varanasi,seventh edition ,1982.as hr -13/69,70,71., page no.822. 7. Astanga hridya by vaghbhata , commentary by arundatta ,edited by harishashtri,chaukhamba orientalia ,Varanasi,seventh edition ,1982.as hr -14/2,34 page no.826. 8. Lakshmi Chandra mishra , scientific basis of ayurveda,crc pressboca roton London new York , Washington , dc , 2004 ,page 11. 9. Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita – by Acharya Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri,Chaukamba Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi,edition-2011, Uttara tantra, 17thchapter, Verse-26-27, Pp-702,Pg-14,Part-2. 10. Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita – byAcharya Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri,Chaukamba Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi,edition-2011, Uttara tantra, 17thchapter, Verse-20, Pp-702, Pg-13,Part-2. 11. Jack JKanki A Clinical Ophthalmology , BUHERWORTH HEINEMANN ELSEVIE 2007, 6th edition,16th chapter, pp-945, pg-566.

The present study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Corynebacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Azadirachta Indica is a multipurpose tree with multiple health benefits . Different part of the tree were shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects against a wide variety of microorganism screening of this medicinal plants for bioactive compounds may lead to development of less expensive new antimicrobial agents with improved safety and efficacy. Key-words: The Peers, Pornography Access, Adolescents Sexual Behavior. 1. Shravan Kumar Mankala, Kannappan Nagappan (2011) invivo Antidiabetic evaluation of Neem leaf extract in alloxan induced rats. Journal of applied Pharmaceutical science, 7, 100-105. 2. Sonia Bajaj, Srinivasan B.P. (1999) Investigation into the Anti diabetic activity of Azadirachta indica. Indian journal of pharmacology 31:138-141. 3. Saseed A. Khan and Junaid Aslam (2008) Study on the effect of Neem (Azhadirachta indica) leaves smoke in controlling airborne Bacteria in Residential premises. Current research in Bacteriology1 (2): 64-66. 4. Hassan Amer, Wafaa A. Helmy, Hanan A.A Taie (2010) invitro Antitumour activities of seeds and leaves Neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts. International journal of Academic research. 2(2), 165-171. 5. Srivastava A Shukla Kumar YN (2000) Recent development in plant derived antimicrobial constituents A Review. J Med Arom Pl. Sci.20: 717-72. 6. Faiza Aslam, Khalil.Ur. Rehman, Mohammad Asghar and Muhammed Sarwar (2009) Antibacterial activity of various Phytoconstituents of Neem. Pak. J.Agri. Sci., Vol. 46(3), 456-463. 7. Abu. Syed Md. Mosaddek and Md. Mamun Ur Rashid (2008 ) A comparative study of Anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of Neem leaf and dexamethasone. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 3: 44-47. 8. Saradha jyothi Koona, Subbarao Budida (2011) Antimicrobial potential of the extracts of the leave of Azadirachta indica , Linn. Nat Sci Biol, 3(1) 65-69. Hafiza, R.E. (2000) Peptides antibiotics, Lancet 349: 418- 422.

Background: Nowadays, the sexual behavior of adolescents has became an apprehensive problem. As it happened toward the group of adolescents where affected by some factors like internal and external factors. This group of adolescents is incorporated in a kind of culture and art community, especially Jathilan culture, called Paguyuban Turonggo Wiro Budoyo (TWB) located at Wirobrajan Yogyakarta. Most of the members of Turonggo Wiro Budoyo community has done the sexual intercourse (68,08%) and some told that the external factors such as friends and media of pornography gave the big influence for them to be in a relationship. This research aimed to find out the overview of peers, the access of pornography and adolescents sexual behavior of Turonggo Wiro Budoyo (TWB). Methods: This is a descriptive-quantitative research and also supported by qualitative design. The writer used purposive sampling technique to take the data. The population of this research was the members of Paguyuban Seni Jathilan Turonggo Wiro Budoyo which is had 47 members as the sample. Conclusion: The overview of the peers of Paguyuban TWB members in influence the sexual behavior could be like imitated friend’s behavior or a sort of compulsion boost. Most of them got the pornography access from the internet and given also by their own friends. In addition, most of them counted as the active members in the community thathave done the sexual intercourse. Key-words: The Peers, Pornography Access, Adolescents Sexual Behavior. A. Background In Psychology terms, teenager has the same meaning with puberteit, adolescence, and youth (Hurlock, 2002). The puberty itself is a period between children and teenager period where in the teenager period they will get difficult to pass the next development periods. At that time, adolescents will also have the changing of the hormone system in their body. The stimulation of the hormone will cause the anxious feeling at the end of children periods, which is called sexual maturation. That maturation can be recognized by the menstruation for the girl and nocturnal orgasm for the boy (Santrock, 2002). The changes of adolescents will increase their desire for doing the sexual activities. They also will start to have a fair with their opposite gender, where they will curious about love, take and give, come to the serious relationship etc. Then, they will make a date with their partners, do skin-ship, hugging or even kissing which is these activities knew as the first step to satisfy their sexual desire. Other activities that also support them to distribute their sexual desire are like reading porn-magazine, watching porn-movie or having a sexual fantasy (Hurlock, 2002). Adolescents phase is a transition between children and adult phase. In this phase they will show their identity off. They also try to against their parents’ authority (Fulligni, 1993). Adolescence tends to be closer with their friends. Close-friend at the same age often becomes the person for asking and discussing problems, including their sexual problems. This condition makes them easily influenced by their close-friends in the terms of interests, attitude and behaviors. There is a relation between the sexual behavior of peers and adolescents;if more risky the sexual behavior of the peers so does with the adolescents (Linda, 2009). Based on the survey of Indonesia Health Demogrphy and Health – Adolescent Reproductive Health (SKRRI) 2012, the percentage of 20-24 years old of adolescents that discuss the problem of reproduction health with their friends is about 66,9% (with female friends) and about 6,2% (with male friends). The percentage of the adolescents in the age of 15-24 years old that make a date is higher in SDKI in 2012 that also can be compare with Components of Adolescent Reproductive Health (KKRR) in 2007 which is has 85% and 72% for male, 85% and 77% for female. In the other hand, the percentage of the perception that a woman should take care of their virginity is decline in 2007. Whereas the percentage of activities when the adolescents are going out for a date such as skin-ship (80% for male and 72% for female), kissing (48% for male and 30% for female), groping the sensitive part (30% for male and 6% for female), and sexual intercourse before married is about 83,7%. From the survey, they respondents agree to do that because they love each other as the reason. The survey of sexual behavior of premarital from some universities in Semarang toward 500 respondents from 1000 college students which got the result about the activities when a couple going for a date is not only do chit-chat, hugging or kissing but already come into petting (25%). Moreover, 7,6% of them already done sexual intercourse (Pilar-PKBI, 2002) One of the districts of Yogyakarta municipality, Wirobrajan district, has an art and cultureJathilan community of adolescents called Turonggo Wiro Budoyo. As the writer has explained in this research introduction, from the result of interview on April 2015 with the Leader of community, which most of his members do promiscuity like just going on a date until doing free-sex. Some of them already got the impact of this promiscuity like got pregnant and early-age marriage. The Leader of this community also stated that this situation caused of their relationship behavior where they imitate their friend’s behavior in making love and access the porn site. Based on the explanation above the writer interested to analyze about the specific detail and information related to the adolescents life or the social units in public. Then the writer decided to conduct a research entitled “The Overview of Peers, the Access to Pornography, the Sexual Behavior Toward The Group of Adolescents of Paguyuban Seni Jathilan TWB Yogyakarta”. This research aimed to find out the overview of peers, the access of pornography and adolescents sexual behavior of Turonggo Wiro Budoyo (TWB). Reference 1. Azinar, Muhammad. 2013. Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Berisiko Terhadap Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan. Journal Kesmas8 (2): 153-160. 2. BKKBN. 2007a. Lima dari 100 Siswa SLTA di DKI Berhubungan Seks Pranikah.http://www.bkkbn.go.id/article_detail.php?aid=748. 3. BKKBN. 2010. Penyiapan Kehidupan Berkeluarga Bagi Remaja. Direktorat Remaja dan Perlindungan Hak-hak Reproduksi. Jakarta 4. Chiao And Chin-Chun., 2011., Adolescent Premarital Sex And Health Outcomes Among Taiwanese Youth: Perception Of Best Friend “Sexual Behavior And The Contextual Effect”, AIDS Care-Psychological And Socio Medical Aspects Of AIDS/HIV, 23 (9), 1083-1092. 5. Depkes RI. 2005. Pedoman Perencanaan Program Kesehatan Remaja Bagi Tim Kabupaten/Kota. Direktorat Kesehatan Keluarga Dirjen Bina Kesehatan Masyarakat. Jakarta. 6. Dien G. A. Nursal. Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Seksual Murid Smu Negeri Di Kota Padang Tahun 2007. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, II (2). 7. Fulligni, A. J. & J.S Eccles. 1993. Perceived Parent-Child Relationships and Early Adolescences Orientation Toward Peers. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29 (4): 622-632. 8. Hurlock, E. B. (2002). Perkembangan Anak. Jakarta : Erlangga 9. Hadi M. H., and Retnaniangsih (2006)., Premarital Sex Behavior In Adolescent., Gunadarma Journal. 10. Iswarati dan T.Y. Prihyugiarto. 2008. Faktor-Faktoryang Mempengaruhi Sikap terhadap PerilakuSeksual Pra Nikah pada Remaja di Indonesia.Jurnal Ilmiah Keluarga Berencanadan Kesehatan Reproduksi, 2(2). 11. Linda Suwarni, 2009, Monitoring Parental dan Perilaku Teman Sebaya Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Remaja SMA Di Kota Pontianak, Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 4 (2): 127-133. 12. Nely Anggriyani dan Yuli Trisnawati. 2011.Hubungan Antara Seks Pranikah Dengan Perilaku Seks Remaja Pada Smk Kerabat Kita Bumiayu Kabupaten Brebes. Bidan Prada : Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan, 2 (1). 13. Pilar-PKBI, 2002, Remaja, Pornografi dan Pendidikan Seks, PKBI Jateng. 14. Podisita C. Peter Xenos, and Anchale Varangrat 2001., tehe risk of premarital sex among tahi youth : individual ang family influences, east-west center working papers population series no. 108-5, oktober 2001. 15. Rakhmat, J. (2003). Psikologi Komunikasi.Bandung : PT Remaja Rosdakarya. 16. Santrock, J.W. (2003). Perkembangan remaja. Jakarta: Erlangga 17. Survei Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Indonesia (SKRRI). 2012. Kesehatan Remaja Di Indonesia.

The present paper intensively worked to recognize the correct botanical identities (most probable) of plants quoted only in Sanskrit names for the treatment of Yakrutudara, Kumbha-kāmalā, Halimak and Rakta-pitta Cikitsā (collectively grouped under Liver Cirrhosis stages) in the great Āyurvedic treatise, theCharaka-sam̟hita̅ also spelt as Caraka-sam̟hita̅.The botanical identification of medicinal plants mentioned in the Sanskrit texts is not unanimous because of differential interpretation of the synonyms and also for the scribal variations found in the multiple sources of the texts. The use of different plant species for the same plant drug recipe of the text by manufacturers and practitioners has limited confirmatory clinical outcomes. The coordinated attempt to study the Chapters of the texts with review of Sanskrit-botanical literature here, enlisted correct identities of 160 plant species belonging to 70 angiosperm families. The text has actually quoted a total of 195 Sanskrit named plants with the synonyms. It has been further found by a survey that 70 percent of these Sanskrit named plant parts are used by Āyurvedic practitioners to treat the patients identified with Liver-Cirrhosis symptoms. The present data will certainly aid the drug manufacturers and practitioners to use botanically correct plant species that could enhance the efficacy of the drugs. REFERANCES 1. Sharma PV,“Caraka Samhita, Text with English Translation, Chaukhambha Orientalia”, Vol I to IV, Edn 9,Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, 2014 2. PaliwalMurlidhar, Byadgi PS, “Charaka - The Great Legendary and Visionary of Ayurveda”, International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 2011; Vol 2 (4) 3. DashVaidya Bhagwan & Kashyap Vaidya Lalitesh, “Materia Medica of Ayurveda - Based on Ayurveda Saukhyam of Todarananda”, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 1980 4. Collier JD, Webster G, “Liver and Biliary Tract Disease”, Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine, Chapter 23, Edn 21, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier Limited, Edinburgh, 2010, pg no 942 5. Mohan Harsh,“The Liver, Biliary Tract and Exocrine Pancreas”, Textbook of Pathology, Chapter 21, Edn 6, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers P Ltd, Chandigarh, 2010, pg no 630 6. Meulenbeld GJ, “A History of Indian Medical Literature”, Vol II, Egbert Forsten Groningen, The Netherlands, 2000 7. Anonymous, e-Nighantu, developed by NIIMH (National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage), Hyderabad for CCRAS (Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science), New Delhi, 2012 8. Bagde AB, Sawant RS, Sawai RV, Muley SK, Dhimdhime RS, “Charaka Samhita - A Complete Encyclopedia of Ayurvedic Science”, International Journal of Ayurveda and Alternative Medicine 2013; 1(1) 9. DebRoy Saumendu, Das Sumit, Dibyendushil Dutta, Kaushik N, “Herbal Hepatoprotective Agents: A Review”, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2012;1(2), pg no 87-99 10. MishraDN, “Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Fever (Jvaracikitsa) in the Madhavacikitsa Tradition of India”, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 2009;8(3), pg no 352-361 11. Rao Linga M, Savithramma N, “Phytochemical screening of Dasamoola - An Ayurvedic Drug”, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011; Vol3, Sup 5 12. Rungsung Wungsem, Dutta Sreya, Das Debajyoti, Hazra Jayram, “A Brief Review on the Botanical Aspects and Therapeutic Potentials of Important Indian Medicinal Plants”, International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2013; 1(3), pg no 38-45 13. Sabade Mahesh, “Ayurvedic Therapy for Hepatic Encephalopathy - A Case Report”, Topics in Integrative Health Care, an international journal 2014;5 (1) 14. SensarmaP, “Plant Names- Sanskrit and Latin”, Ancient Science of Life 1992; Vol7, pg no 201-220 15. Dutt Udoy Chand, “The Materia Medica of Hindus”, Thacker Spink & Co, Calcutta, 1977 16. Anonymous, Treatment Guideline for Ayurvedic Medicine, Office of the Director Homeo & Traditional Medicine and Line Director, AMC, Dhaka, 2006 17. DukeJames A, Godwin Mary Jo Bogenschutz, duCellier Judi, Duke Peggy Ann K, “Handbook of Medicinal Herbs”, 2nd Edition, CRC Press LLC, USA, 2002 18. KhareCP, “Indian Medicinal Plants - An Illustrated Dictionary”, Springer Science + Business Media, ILC, New York, USA, 2007 19. Sharma PC, Yelne MB, Dennis TJ, “Database of Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda”, 2000, Vol I to VII, at vedicbooks.net 20. Anonymous, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia ofIndia (API), Part I, Volume I to VI, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, 2008 21. Anonymous,The Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI), Part B - Formulary Of Single Drugs, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government Of India New Delhi, 2000

Gumtone™(Acacia arabica), a polyherbal gel, has found to be effective as an antiplaque and antibacterial agent for gingivitis however its effect against periodontal pathogens is not known which causes periodontal diseases. The study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of Gumtone™(Acacia arabica) against the periodontal pathogens. The inhibitory effect and the time-kill curve of Acacia Arabica gel (Gumtone™)on Aggregatib -acteractinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonasgingivalis(Pg) and Prevotellainter media (Pi) was evaluated. The inhibitory and growth time kill curve were determined using serial dilution methods at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24hrs.The Gumtone™ showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against the Aaand Pg with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 0.8 µl/ml, 0.4µl/ml respectively, better bactericidal against Pg.The study shows that Gumtone™has antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens like P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans,and this raises the possibility that Gumtone™may have therapeutic use for periodontitis in clinical practice. REFERANCES 1. Pradeep, A.R., Agarwal, E., Bajaj, P., Naik, S.B., Shanbhag, N. and Uma, S.R., 2012. Clinical and microbiologic effects of commercially available gel and powder containing Acacia arabica on gingivitis. Aust Dent J. 2012 Sep;57(3):312-8. 2. Dodwad, D., Vaish, S., Mahajan, A. and Chhokra, M. Local drug delivery in periodontics: a strategic intervention. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012;4(4):30-4. 3. Kumar, G., Jalaluddin, M., Rout, P., Mohanty, R. and Dileep, C.L., 2013. Emerging trends of herbal care in dentistry. J ClinDiagn Res. 2013 Aug;7(8):1827-9. 4. Clark, D.T., Gazi, M.I., Cox, S.W., Eley, B.M. and Tinsley, G.F., 1993. The effects of Acacia arabica gum on the in vitro growth and protease activities of periodontopathic bacteria. Journal of clinical periodontology, 20(4), pp.238-243. 5. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols. Schwalve, Moore and Goodwin, Crc Press 2007. 6. Jorgensen MG, Slots J. The ins and outs of periodontal antimicrobial therapy. J Calif Dent Assoc 2002;30:297-305.

Among the various medical complications, neuropathic pain has emerged as the one with the most dreadful and griming which grounds serious threatening conditions by causing severe damage to the blood vessels. This damage is owed to the various alterations caused in the blood capillaries, which supply blood to the various body parts and results in the morbidity and eventually mortality. It being one of the most prevalent disorders and incurs a compelling need for its prevention and cure or treatment (Carisoprodol). This review is aimed at giving an account of the various herbal plants which have till now shown successful results in their employment as a possible treatment of neuropathic pain. Some more studies need to be done for their validation so that they can not only actively substitute or be used in conjunction with the present options of treatment in order to give best results which can prevent or cure this disorder effectively but also restore the damage done to the neuropathic patient. Key-words: The Peers, Pornography Access, Adolescents Sexual Behavior. 1. References 1. Cogan, D.G., D. Toussaint and T. Kuwabara, 1961. Retinal vascular patterns: IV. Diabetic retinopathy. Arch.Ophthalmol.,66:366-378 2. Dateo, G.P. and L. Long, 1973. Gymnemic acid, the antisaccharine principle of Gymnema sylvestre. Studies on the isolation and heterogeneity of gymnemic acid A1. J.Agric.FoodChem.,21:899-903 3. Del Tredici, P., 2000. Ginkgo Biloba. Gordon and Breach Publishing Group, Inc., New York,pp:274. 4. Deng, H., M. Jin, W. Yuan, Z. Xiang and J. Wang, 2005. Clinical observation treating early diabetic retinopathy with compound danshen dripping pills. J. Traditional Chin. Ophthalmol.,15:72-74. 5. Feldman, J.M. and H.E. Lebovitz, 1970. Mechanism of epinephrine and serotonin inhibition of insulin release in the golden hamsterin vitro. Diabetes, 19: 480-486 6. Packer, L., G. Rimbach and F. Virgili, 1999. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radical Biol. Med., 27: 704-724 7. Persaud, S.J., H. Al-Majed, A. Raman and P.M. Jones, 1999. Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin release in vitro by increased membrane permeability. J. Ethnopharmacol., 163: 207-212 8. Wang, X., S.L. Morris-Natschke and K.H. Lee, 2007. New developments in the chemistry and biology of the bioactive constituents of Tanshen. Med. Res. Rev., 27: 133-148 9. Zhao, T., D.J. Li, C. Liu, D.F. Su and F.M. Shen, 2011. Beneficial effects of anisodamine in shock involved cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Frontiers Pharmacol., Vol. 2. 10.3389/fphar.2011.00023 10. Zhou, L., Z. Zuo and M.S. Chow, 2005. Danshen: An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical use.J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45: 1345-1359 11. P. Arulselvan, G.P. Senthilkumar, S.D. Kumar, S. Subramanian, Pharmazie, 2006; 61(10): 874-877. 12. D. Iyer, P.U. Devi, Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2008; 2: 180-184. 13. G.J. Bennett, Y.K. Xie, Pain, 1988; 33: 87-107. 14. N.B. Eddy, C.F. Touchberry, J.E. Lieberman, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1950; 98(2): 121-137. 15. S.S.V. Padi, S.K. Kulkarni, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2004; 79(2): 349-358. 16. N. Attal, G. Cruccu, R. Baron, Eur J Neurol, 2010; 10: 1468-1331. 17. W.G. Niehaus, D. Samuelsson, Eur J Biochem, 1968; 6(1): 126-130. 18. O.H. Lowry, N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr, R.J. Randall, J Biol Chem, 1951; 193(1): 265-275. 19. G.L. Ellman, Arch Biochem Biophys, 1959; 82(1): 70-74.