Volume 2, Issue 2

It is a clinical study conducted on patients of Madumeha nearest resembling condition with diabetes mellitus, a rich man's disease to evaluate the hypoglycimic effect of Godhuma Patra Swarasa (Wheat grass juice) which traditionally practised in rural areas of Karnataka. On the basis of this survey, present study was designed on newly diagnosed cases of type II diabetes mellitus with an aim and objectives To evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of Godhuma Patra Swarasa,Materials and methods of the study were planned on 10 newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus was administerd with Godhuma Patra Swarasa,Result & Discussion of the study revealed that Godhuma Patra Swarasa showed good result in relieving the subjective criteria's viz. Kshudhadhikyata, Daurbalya and Pipasadhikyata than objective criteria's like FBS, PPBS.

“YOGA” is a physical, mental, and spiritual discipline. Goals of yoga are varied and range from improving health to achieving salvation. But, in day to day life its implementation is more towards to tackle mental ailments which are the retribution of stressful life. Equilibrium of mental health is possible when person adopt Yoga as daily routine. Sage Patanjali is recognized as the prime pioneer of the Astanga Yoga, which is incorporated with 8 Anga's(stages), these are broadly divided in to Bahiranga Yoga and Antaranga Yoga. Bahiranga Yoga has the specialty of developing the social and physical equilibrium by attaining control over physical body and breathing, where as Antaranga Yoga for mental and spiritual wellness by gaining mastery of the senses and mind. Between these two Anag's there is bridge which transcends one to other stage that is Prathyahara. Sage Patanjali failed to explain in detail about it. Without the core knowledge and practicing tools of Prathyahara, person cannot make a journey towards inner growth. So here an attempt is made to bring most of the information and practicing methods of Prathyahara like Ajapa japa, Trataka, Antar mouna etc, under single roof by compiling references from various texts.

Ayurveda, one of the oldest flourishing systems of health care uses substances of natural sources to improve the health condition. Due to apparent lack of uniform nomenclature system and communication gap among authors of various geo-cultural background, correct determination of the substances occurring in the formulation in the present context has become a huge challenge. The nighantus, Ayurvedic form of Materia Medica could help significantly in this direction. Numerous nighantus have been written from the very beginning of Ayurvedic period to solve the clandestine meanings of cryptic names of medicinal plants. The present work aims to compile the various nighantus that have been created over the period of time and are now available in various forms – published completely or partially, as manuscripts or just as evidence - in a chronological order. This will appraise the global population regarding the rich literature and offer new vistas to the scholars involved in natural products research.

The in vitro antifungal potency of four plant latex extracts were evaluated for their botanical fungi toxicants on pathogenic fungi of Rumex acetosa L.The antifungal effect of aqueous extracts of latex namely Jatropa curcus, Calotropis gigentea,Ficus bengalensis and Ficus glomerata were selected. The inhibitory effect was tested by food poisoning technique and determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Due to the presence of bioactive molecules the latex extracts showed significant inhibition in different concentrations. Jatropa curcus latex extract showed 75% reduction of radial growth of Alternaria tenussima, Fusarium proliferatum at 50% conc and pytium 75% conc. In some extent, F. bengalens is also showed significant reduction of A.tenussima at 100% conc. The inhibitory effect of Callotropis gigantean was also shown in case of Pythium sp. at 100% conc.

Leucoderma, also known as vitiligo is a skin disorder that affects nearly 2% of the world population. Allopathic system of medicine in widespread practice today offers palliative measures. There are many explanations as to why this happens but none of these explanations has been proven to be the right one. This also explains why there is no confirmed cure for leucoderma. Even after extensive scientific research, the treatments of leucoderma are still very scarce and have not been proven to work for a majority of people. The best patients can do is hide these marks with colour creams but it is to be noted, this only hides these marks and doesn't stop more patches of white skin from appearing. There is no explanation as to the location of these patches of skin. Also, a question that may rise is why only patches appear and not the whole body is affected. For this too there is no proven explanation. By contrast, the Charaka Samhita, a two thousand-year-old Indian Ayurvedic text, provides a description of leucoderma (shvitra/Kilasa)with recommendations for treatment. In this paper, a detailed Ayurvedic analysis and approach to management will be presented.

Anxiety is defined as an exaggerated feeling of apprehension, uncertainty and fear. Camellia sinensis, popularly known as Green Tea is mainly cultivated in topical and subtopical climate. Its extract contains polyphenols, epigallocatechingallate. Since its antioxidant activity is claimed, we explored Camellia sinensis extract (100, 300, 500mg/kg p.o.) for its anxiolytic activity on albino mice using Elevated Plus Maze, Mirrored Chamber apparatus and Light-Dark model. In the EPM, CS extract showed an anxiolytic effect by increasing time spent and number of entries in open arms. In mirrored chamber apparatus, anti-anxiety effect was confirmed by decreased latency time, increased no. of entries and increased amt. of time spent in mirrored chamber. In Light-Dark Model, extract showed anxiolytic effect by increasing no. of entries and time spent in light compartment. Thus, we can conclude that Camellia sinensis extract possess significant anxiolytic activity and can be used as potential alternative to benzodiazepines.

The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. The dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. The effect was observed on bradykinin induced paw edema in female SD rats. Inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of freshly prepared 0.1ml bradykinin (1mg/ml) in the right hind paw. The two treatment group rats received 250mg/kg b.wt and 500mg/kg b.wt respectively orally, one hour prior to bradykinin induction. The increase in the paw thickness in the rats after induction with bradykinin was significantly lowered on treatment with the plant extract. The ethanolic extract was found to improve the antioxidant status in the animals in a dose dependent manner. The effect of the extract was compared with the effect of the standard drug indomethacin administration. Histopathological analysis of the hindpaw tissue supports the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of R. officinalis.

Ayurvedic system of medicine is unique due to its personalized approach in the patient management. Because subtle are the Vikalpas of Dosa and Dusya. The transforming moeity itself is in a state of flux and is highly prone to be affected by individual, diurnal and seasonal variabilities. The same Bhesaja may not be given I two patients afflicted with the similar disease. This reflects the Purusam Purusam Viksya Siddhanta of Caraka. It can be explained by an example. In Medoroga, there is Medodhatvagnimandya. Stimulation of Medodhatvagni and Lekhana of the Dhatu is the target to be achieved by the physician. The Bhaisajya Kala, at this juncture offers a range of Agni -Bhesaja interaction to suit the disease and diseased. The Pratah Kala could be advocated in a patient who is physically and mentally strong to bear the rapid metabolic effects of the Bhesaja by Agni, due to unaltered potency of medicine used. If the patient is old, women, and anxious (Satvadurbala), the same Bhesaja can be given at the Pragbhakta Kala or Nisa Kala. The quick metabolic effects of Bhesaja are reduced to a great extent in Pragbhakta Kala, as food follows the Bhesaja intake and in Nisa Kala due to Kala Prabhava, which slows down all the metabolic activities of the body.

Ayurveda speaks about many modes of healing art, even surgery and para-surgical techniques. Among the para-surgical measures, Raktamokshana or blood letting enjoys a pride of place from the dawn of medical history. Earliest references of blood letting are found in the basic works of all systems of medicine. The oldest civilization of the world too used this method to bestow health on its subjects from time immemorial. Raktamokshana is a technical term employed to denote a para-surgical procedure to expel out the vitiated blood from selected areas of the body, by specific methods. Sushruta Samhita, the oldest available manual on surgery has devoted an entire chapter for the description of Jalaukas, and a chapter on Jalaukavacharaniya for the purpose of blood letting. Jalaukavacharana is claimed to be the supreme therapy because of its safety and high efficacy in the disorders involving the vitiation of blood. It is safely indicated even for the king, rich, old, fearful, weak, women and the people of tender nature.

Abrus precatorius commonly known as Gunja has been used for therapeutic purpose since vaidic period. The Roots, seeds and leaves are used in traditional & folklore Medicine. In traditional system of medicine, the plant is reported to possess beneficial effects as an antidote, in avabahuk, cervical adenitis, dental caries, baldness, dandruff, erysipelas etc. Much research work has been conducted on Abrus precatorius. The pharmacological studies have shown that A.P. possesses a number of biological activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fertility, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anti- arthritic, antiseratonergic, nephroprotective etc. A wide range of active components including a glucoside abrussic acid, haemagglutinin, a quantity of urease, glycoside abralin, an albuminous substance ‘abrin' the active principle have been isolated from the plant. The present review is an effort to consolidate traditional, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological information available on Abrus precatorius. It is considered as a valuable source of natural products for development of medicines against various diseases.

Tephrosia purpurea is one of the important drug in Ayurvedic system of medicine extensively used as antipyretic and in diseases of liver,spleen and heart.Recently it has attracted the attention of the scientists all over the world for its hepato-protective and stimulant activity (MAPA, 2001). Two varieties are described in Ayurvedic texts as rakta and sweta. An attempt was made to see g influence of drug on gastro intestinal tract motility in the experimental animals..In group II (drug treated), Tephrosia purpurea Root powder decoction of Tephrosia purpurea was fed by intra gastric route in known doses (0.5 mg/gm body weight ) every morning for 21 days. The control group animals were given water only (equal volume of tap water). Food intake, water intake and weight of rats in control as well as in drug treated group were measured. For the assessment of gut motility of rat, microbar powder suspension administered (a palatable micronized BaSO4 92% w/v from ESKAY fine chemicals) and fasted for 12-14 hours. After 30 minutes of the administration of microbar suspension all the rats were sacrificed simultaneously and measured the BaSO4 powder traveled distance fixed amount of microbar solution. Tephrosiapurpurea enhances intestinal motility in albino rats. Histopathologicalstudy of liver, spleen, and kidney, intestine revealed that Tephrosiapurpurea have no toxic effect.

Osteo arthritis is a degenerative joint disorder very commonly seen in old age people affects in both the sex.Characterised by Pain „Swelling,Stiffness and Crepitus in the joint. Similar clinical symptoms seen in Sandhigatavata which is explained in the classics. The Prime management principle includes the Snehana (Oleation) therapy Hence Abyantara snehana(Internal Oleation) in the form of Matrabasti (Medicated Oil Enema) with Ksheerabala taila and Ashwagandhabala Lakshadi taila administered in 30 patients to evaluate its efficacy and to achieve the desired effects. Statistical analysis showed Highly significant result in both the groups.In comparision Group B showed better result than Group A.

Ghazipur district (UP, India) is one of the floristically less studied regions of the central Gangetic plain. The district lacks dense forest, and its medicinal flora exclusively consists of dicot angiosperms. A total of 75 species belonging to 27 families were reported in the study. Majority of the plants were herbs, with highest contribution from family Fabaceae (11). Medicinal value of these plants was ascertained in consultation with traditional medicinal practiceners of the district. Plants and their part thereof were used to treat diseases such as malaria, small pox, leprosy, diarrhea, diabetes, rheumatisms, hepatitis A, heart problems, elephantiasis, STDs, asthma, dysentery, in pregnancy complications and against snake and scorpion poisons. An effective therapeutic formulation often contains more than one plant or, plant parts. To preparation therapeutic formulations decoction was the preferred method. Findings will help in conservation and cultivation of these plants.

The objective of present work is to find out the gelling potential of mucilage from Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek seeds). Mucilage was isolated from Trigonella foenum graecum by soaking, extraction and boiling with distilled water as solvent and precipitating by addition of acetone as non-solvent and drying at 50-60°C. Mucilage extracted from Fenugreek seeds were subjected to its safety and preformulation studies for its suitability as a gelling agent. Physico-chemical characteristics such as solubility, ash values, swelling index, loss on drying and pH were studied. In the present study five batches of Diclofenac gel were prepared with different concentration of mucilage (viz; 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.5%, 8.0%, 10%w/w), Diclofenac sodium 1%w/w, Glycerin_10%w/v, Methyl paraben 0.02%. The gels prepared with 8.0% of mucilage were found to be ideal and comparable with commercial preparation. The gels were evaluated for drug content, viscosity determination, in-vitro permeation, skin irritation etc. The prepared gels did not produce any dermatological reactions and were well tolerated by the albino mice. The gels were found to be stable with respect to viscosity, drug content and physical appearance at all temperature conditions for 3 weeks. Studies indicate that the extracted mucilage may be a good substitute as a pharmaceutical excipient specifically as a gelling agent.

Swertia cordata (G. Done) Clark is an important species of the genus Swertia (Family Gentianaceae) reputed for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. The present study reports the isolation of two xanthones, 1-hydroxy-2,3,7-trimethoxyxanthone (1), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone (2) and one triterpenoid, lupeol (3) from S. cordata. The compounds (1) and (2) are being reported for the first time from S. cordata. Further, chromatographic comparison of five different species of Swertia viz. S. angustifolia Buch Ham. ex D. Don, S. chirata Buch Ham, S. cordata (G. Done), S. lurida (D. Don ex G. Done) C. B. Clarke and S. purpurascens (D. Don) A. Wall ex E. D. Clarke was made on the basis of TLC fingerprint profile to know how closely these species are related and to mark the similarities / dissimilarities between different Swertia species.

Effect of Allium sativum Linn. (Alliaceae) (Raw Garlic Extract (RGE)) was studied on free amino acids (FAA) level in male albino rats. The garlic extract was tested in three different doses 1ml, 2ml and 4ml/kg body weight daily for a period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The significant (P<0.01) increase in Free amino acid (FAA) level was observed when rats were fed with low and medium dose but when rats were fed with 4ml/kg body weight of garlic extract there was a not significant increase in Free Amino Acid (FAA) level was observed.

Diet of the pregnant woman directly influences the growth and development of fetus in utero right from day one of conception. Balanced or proper diet as per Ayurvedic concept is not only the quantity of food but quality i.e. containing Shadrasas (six tastes) and when consumed by pregnant woman helps in over all growth and development of the fetus. If a pregnant woman indulges in the consumption of particular rasa for long the fetus will suffer from some anomalies/congenital deformities. As per fundamentals of Ayurveda, all the five mahabhutas are there in all the six rasa(taste)s but the manifestation depends on the predominance of one or more of the mahabhuta. As per the theory of organogenesis in Ayurveda various components of the fetus are derived from various mahabhutas so as consumption of particular rasa(taste) affect particular body part of the fetus and excessive and continuous consumption of particular rasa(taste) leads to anomalies as per the panchbhautic constitution of that particular rasa(taste).

The present paper deals with the investigation of traditional knowledge of 53 species of medicinal plants used by the Sangtam – Naga tribes in Kiphire district of Nagaland, India for the treatment of various diseases and relief from pains that plagues the human beings are recorded.

Moksha is such concept which is accepted by almost all religion for the benefit of mankind. Allopathic science does not think about Moksha but Ayurved has described the concept of Moksha. Moksha is a Sanskrit word meaning: to liberate, to free from and to get rid of. It means freedom from the worldly bondages which only lead to rebirth such as love, anger, greed, delusion, lust and envy. The Upanishads state that man suffers from three types of Taapa (miseries in worldly life). Moksha is the only way to get rid of these three miseries. Moksha is the state of absolute bliss where in, we realize that the perceiver, the perceived and the object of perception are all one and the same. Moksha is the breakage of cycle - the cycle of mind, cycle of time, cycle of births, i.e., transcendental existence. Moksha is a broad term which encompasses numerous aspects like peace, knowledge and enlightenment.

More than 80% of the population of Asian and African countries depends on traditional medicine for primary health care. So local knowledge is becoming increasingly importance in Primary health care system in Sikkim. The paper deals with 23 species of medicinal plants, which are arranged alphabetically. In enumeration, the details include correct botanical names with authority, family to which it belongs, local names, followed by parts used and names of diseases. The studied 23 medicinal plants have been used in 33 common diseases which require primary health care. This study also found the traditional healers are act as health care actors for treating arthritis, fracture, jaundice, diarrhea and respiratory diseases of children with other persistence, long lasting chronic health conditions.

Good deeds done for reward bring heaven. Good deeds done without desire bring liberation. (Upanishad Wisdom) Ayurveda is not merely a science but is a method of living and has a unique approach towards liberation. Tο develop health and self-realization, Sadhana and Ayurvedic therapies are suggested. Further developments in spirituality and healing are gained by following the rules of virtuous behavior. Yama and Niyama are the part of Astang Yoga.' These are the dos and don'ts or ethical disciplines which have existed in the human race since the beginning of civilizations. These are common sense code of conduct. By following these traditional percepts, we work towards individual of the body, mind and soul.

The objective of the present investigation was to isolate the active components present in whole plant of Borreria hispida. The plant were extracted with various solvents (pet. ether, ethyl acetate and methanol), methanol was found to be more active among them. The preliminary phytochemical results revealed that flavonoids and amino acids as active constituents in methanolic extract of Borreria hispida. The methanolic extract of Borreria hispida was undergone column chromatography with different solvent fractions. Hence, two compounds were isolated from methanolic extract of Borreria hispida with the compound 1 was eluted with benzene: Chloroform 70:30, v/v and compound 2 were eluted with eluted with ethyl acetate: methanol 50:50, v/v. The structures of the two isolated compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, NMR and Mass spectrophotometric methods. Thus, the compound 1 was characterized as 1-amino-1-ethoxypropan-2-ol (C5H13O2N), and compound 2 was characterized as 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(C15H12O6). Therefore, further biological investigations need to be carried out isolated compounds present in this plant.

Assam is the homeland of a number of Herbal medicinal plants. A wide variety of herbs and plants of commercial value are widely available and they are use rationally. Currently available therapeutic options for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, such as dietary modification, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin, have limitations of their own. Many natural products and herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of diabetes. The present paper reviews medicinal plants that have shown experimental or clinical antidiabetic activity and that have been used in traditional systems of medicine. The medicinal plants, besides having natural therapeutic values against various diseases and considerable works have been done on these plants to treat diabetes mellitus, describes that the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is due to the presence of phenolic compounds, favonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels. Some of these herbal plants and their active chemical constituents which have a role in the management of diabetes mellitus are compiled here and discussed in this review on the following drugs like Accacia catechu, Vitex negundo, Murraya koenigii.

Methanol extracts of the thalloid liverwort Targionia hypophylla L., a thalloid liverwort (bryophyte), was found to be effective against five plant pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma viridae, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Penicillium expansum. In vitro antifungal activity was assessed by micro dilution method, which exhibit total or strong inhibition on Trichoderma viridae and Botrytis cinerea growth. These results confirm the antifungal activities in liverwort extracts.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and the disease management is an important measure for the pharmacotherapy. The medicinal plants play very vital role in preventing the advancement of the disease. The polyherbal extract was prepared from Eugenia Jambolana-seed and Cinnamomum zeylenicum-bark as hydro alcohol and aqueous extracts. The extracts were screened for invitro antidiabetic activity. Among all screened extracts the polyherbal extract APKJ-004 showed prominent invitro antidiabetic activity. The present study was designed for assessment of toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the selected polyherbal extract APKJ-004. The acute and sub acute toxicity were conducted in wistar rats. The results of toxicity assessment revealed that clinical, biochemical and Histopathological parameters studied were in normal range and comparable to controls. The study revealed that no toxic symptoms observed throughout the period of exposure. The invivo evaluation results showed that the extract APKJ-004 reduced the elevated glucose levels (97.01± 6.23mg/dl) were comparable to the glibenclamide (89.3± 7.42mg/dl). The insulin levels were considerably increased in polyherbal treated group from 06.75 ± 0.96 μU/ml to 23.13±0.35μU/ml. The glucose tolerance test results revealed the absorption efficiency of APKJ 004 was found to be 112.3± 6.68 mg/dl when compared with standard glibenclamide (93.4±4.67mg/dl) treated group at 120 min. Based on the above facts it is concluded that APKJ-004 polyherbal extract act as a potent antidiabetic agent with minimal or no side effects and useful in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes.